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• Mangroves
  * Deposition of sediments by small-moderate waves and tides. ...orhiza''. The upper tidal limit (spring tide) of the mangroves is occupied by mangrove species such as ''Xylocarpus granatum'', white mangroves and butto
  45 KB (6,653 words) - 15:27, 13 August 2024
• Seagrass meadows
  ...The most extensive areas are found in the tropics. The total area covered by seagrass meadows globally is estimated to be on the order of 160,000 km<sup ...a'' is only found in the Mediterranean Sea. The distribution is restricted by the mixing zone of Mediterranean water and Atlantic water. Other species ma
  39 KB (5,653 words) - 10:32, 10 November 2024
• Salinity
  ...not of great practical importance for coastal waters, where it is dwarfed by the strong variability of the salinity in space and time. However, great pr ...gman, 1784<ref> Bergman, T. 1784. Physical and chemical essays (translated by Edmund Cullen)
  25 KB (3,808 words) - 15:51, 28 December 2023
• Continental shelf habitat
  ...ntinental slope]] to the [[shoreline]]. At the ocean side it is terminated by a pronounced change in bottom slope, called [[shelf break]]. The average sl ...mall scale) or driven by the wind (large scale). For more details, see the articles [[Shelf sea exchange with the ocean]], [[Ocean and shelf tides]], [[Tidal m
  11 KB (1,602 words) - 17:32, 22 February 2021
• Deep sea habitat
  ...ilometres. This region is the hadal region. The ocean floor is interrupted by mountain chains known as the mid-oceanic ridge systems. Other features on t ...e, between about 200 - 1500 m depth. This is related to oxygen consumption by microbial mineralization of organic matter sinking out of the photic zone
  23 KB (3,644 words) - 15:49, 14 November 2024
• Kelp forests
  ...ntinental shelves. Kelp belongs to the macro-algae family described in the articles [[Seaweed (macro-algae) ecosystem services]] and [[Diversity and classifica Kelps reproduce by motile zoospores released in high density from the mature sporophyte (tens
  8 KB (1,235 words) - 17:37, 18 February 2024
• Salt marshes
  ...ed by [[algae]] and covered with algal mats. They are periodically flooded by the tide, the height of which can vary from several centimetres in enclosed ...ld. They seldom occur on open coasts, because the development is inhibited by strong wave action. Although sediment is a prerequisite for their growth in
  28 KB (4,120 words) - 20:17, 24 April 2024
• Coral reefs
  ...n shallow, cold waters. Corals are wave resistant rock structures, created by calcium carbonate secreting animals and plants. Coral reefs provide the phy ...ine]] over a long distance. They are separated from the adjacent land mass by a [[lagoon]]. A fringing reef (Fig. 2c) forms borders along the [[shoreline
  27 KB (4,103 words) - 16:32, 8 August 2024
• Ocean circulation
  ...tterns are strongly influenced by the Earth's rotation as explained in the articles [[Ekman transport]] and [[Geostrophic flow]]. ...distribute heat, but they also play a crucial role in the global ecosystem by storing <math>CO_2</math> and recycling nutrients.
  17 KB (2,518 words) - 18:28, 7 August 2024
• Rocky shore habitat
  ...s. Because of the permanent action of tides and waves, it is characterized by [[coast erosion|erosional]] features. Together with the wind, sunlight and ...gion is called the supratidal or [[littoral|splash zone]]. It is moistened by the spray of breaking waves and it is only covered during the highest tides
  23 KB (3,539 words) - 21:36, 14 March 2021
• Sandy shore habitat
  ...e introduction to the processes underlying beach formation is given in the articles [[Shoreface profile]] and [[Shore protection vegetation]]. The two main typ ...od. When the tide retreats, waste products, eggs and larvae are taken away by the backwash. Organisms living on sandy shores have adapted to this dynamic
  12 KB (1,794 words) - 16:15, 26 December 2023
• Open ocean habitat
  The water column is subdivided into distinct zones by water depth and distance from shore. This is based on water depth and popul ...on patterns driven by wind and density differences are strongly influenced by topography. Further information can be found in the article about large sca
  19 KB (2,907 words) - 15:30, 13 November 2024