Semantic search
| Definition | URL"URL" is a <a href="/wiki/Special:Types/URL" title="Special:Types/URL">type</a> and predefined property provided by <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Special_properties">Semantic MediaWiki</a> to represent URI/URL values. | Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Special_properties">Semantic MediaWiki</a>. | |
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| Ecophysiology | Traits that describe an physiological and environmental tolerance of an organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ecophysiology | 28 May 2015 13:42:04 |
| Ectoparasitic | Parasitic on the outer surface of its host (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ectoparasitic | 18 December 2019 14:17:38 |
| EggClutchLocation | Description of where fertilized eggs are placed or held | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EggClutchLocation | 3 June 2015 11:06:21 |
| EggPropaguleSize | Size (diameter) of macrogamete (egg or ovum) in µm, mm, cm. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EggPropaguleSize | 3 June 2015 11:40:44 |
| EggSac | for example the egg sacs of copepods - carried by adult | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EggSac | 3 June 2015 11:12:37 |
| Eggs | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Eggs | 6 May 2015 10:33:17 | |
| Elevation | A measure of height above chart datum, recorded in metres | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Elevation | 30 June 2015 14:00:33 |
| EnclosedCoast | A marine inlet or harbour fully enclosed from the open sea except at the entrance, not normally open to the sea at two ends. The connection with the open sea is normally less restricted than is the case with lagoons (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EnclosedCoast | 29 May 2015 16:30:06 |
| Encrusting | Forms or resembles a crust over a substratum or other organisms | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Encrusting | 7 November 2014 17:24:54 |
| Endangered | A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endangered | 4 December 2019 14:25:24 |
| Endoparasitic | Parasitic within the tissues or organs of its host (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endoparasitic | 18 December 2019 14:17:45 |
| Endophytic | A plant living within another plant (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endophytic | 30 June 2015 14:31:46 |
| Endoskeleton | internal structure that supports the body of an organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endoskeleton | 10 March 2017 13:55:09 |
| Endozoic | Living within the body of an animal (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Endozoic | 30 June 2015 14:32:09 |
| Environment | Broad descriptors of the major environmental regions | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Environment | 28 May 2015 16:00:42 |
| EnvironmentalPosition | Position relative to substratum or fluid medium (air/water). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EnvironmentalPosition | 30 June 2015 14:14:51 |
| Ephyra | Young, free-swimming medusa stage typically developing from attached scyphistoma or occasionally direct from a planula. Umbrella typically composed of eight, bifurcated arms (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ephyra | 23 June 2015 12:04:07 |
| Epibenthic | Living on the surface of the seabed. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epibenthic | 30 June 2015 14:27:21 |
| Epifaunal | An animal living on the surface of the substratum. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epifaunal | 30 June 2015 14:28:39 |
| Epifloral | A plant living on the surface of the substratum. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epifloral | 30 June 2015 14:29:06 |
| Epilithic | Living on the surface of rock or other hard inorganic substrata | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epilithic | 30 June 2015 14:26:32 |
| Epipelagic | The photic zone, includes the open ocean influenced by light. The lower boundary is dependent on the depth of light penetration and is generally regarded extend to ca 200 m in depth. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epipelagic | 29 May 2015 15:26:09 |
| Epipelic | An organism that moves over the surface of sediment or lives at the sediment / water interface. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epipelic | 30 June 2015 14:29:54 |
| Epiphytic | Living on the surface of a living plant but not parasitic upon it. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epiphytic | 30 June 2015 14:30:18 |
| Epizooic | Living on the exterior of a living animal but not parasitic upon it. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Epizooic | 30 June 2015 14:30:57 |
| Eradicated | Species that have been subject to an eradication event and have been confirmed as eradicated. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Eradicated | 6 May 2015 11:39:14 |
| Eradication unconfirmed | Species that have been subject to an eradication event but have not been confirmed as eradicated. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Eradication unconfirmed | 6 May 2015 11:40:07 |
| Erect | Main visible parts of organism stand upright and above the surface of the substratum. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Erect | 14 May 2015 11:36:40 |
| Established | Species that have become established in their introduced range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Established | 6 May 2015 11:40:28 |
| Established and expanding | Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Established and expanding | 6 May 2015 11:40:52 |
| Established and stable | Species that have become established in their introduced range but are not known to be spreading aggressively. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Established and stable | 6 May 2015 11:41:10 |
| Estuary | Downstream part of a river where it widens to enter the sea; often with significant freshwater influence and predominantly comprising sediment habitats. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Estuary | 6 May 2015 14:40:39 |
| Eulittoral | 1) The region between the highest and lowest extent of the tide on the shore. 2) The shore zone between the lowest and highest seasonal water level in a lake (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Eulittoral | 15 July 2015 15:41:24 |
| EversiblePharynx | Pharynx can be everted to engulf and/or seize food items | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:EversiblePharynx | 28 May 2015 13:30:09 |
| Exoskeleton | A rigid external structure that supports and/or protects the body of an organism and that is mainly completely secreted by the epidermis (derived from Lawrence 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Exoskeleton | 10 March 2017 13:56:15 |
| Exposed | 1) Coasts which face the prevailing wind but which have a degree of shelter because of extensive shallow areas offshore, offshore obstructions, or a restricted (less than 90°) window to open water. These sites are not generally exposed to large waves or regular swell. 2) Open coasts facing away from prevailing winds but with a long fetch, and where strong winds are frequent. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Exposed | 6 May 2015 14:40:58 |
| ExtentOfPhysicalDamageToPredominantAndSpecialHabitats | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExtentOfPhysicalDamageToPredominantAndSpecialHabitats | 5 December 2019 12:14:03 |
| External | Egg/sperm meet and fertilize externally to parental individuals, tissues or confines of their bodies, but within the fluid medium | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:External | 3 June 2015 10:27:27 |
| ExternalTube | A built-structure inhabited by an organism and essential to its survival, but not part of its body, composed of hardened (either rigid or flexible) secretions, with or without the addition of embedded particles, with those particles either selectively collected from the environment or passively becoming glued during formation (pers. comm. Read, G.). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExternalTube | 14 March 2017 08:01:54 |
| Extinct | A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Extinct | 4 December 2019 14:27:20 |
| ExtinctInTheWild | A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExtinctInTheWild | 4 December 2019 14:26:13 |
| Extirpated | Species that were present but have been declared extinct. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Extirpated | 6 May 2015 11:41:37 |
| ExtremelyExposed | Open coastlines which face into the prevailing wind and receive both wind-driven waves and oceanic swell without any offshore obstructions such as islands or shallows for several thousand kilometres and where deep water is close to the shore (50 m depth contour within about 300 m). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExtremelyExposed | 1 June 2015 11:40:14 |
| ExtremelySheltered | Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch of no more than about 3 km. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ExtremelySheltered | 1 June 2015 11:44:54 |
| FAOASFISSpeciesForFisheryStatisticsPurposes | The FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics and Information Branch (FIAS) collates world capture and aquaculture production statistics at either the species, genus, family or higher taxonomic levels in 2 346 statistical categories (2019 data release) referred to as species items. ASFIS list of species includes 12 771 species items selected according to their interest or relation to fisheries and aquaculture. For each species item stored in a record, codes (ISSCAAP group, taxonomic and 3-alpha) and taxonomic information (scientific name, author(s), family, and higher taxonomic classification) are provided. An English name is available for most of the records, and about one third of them have also a French and Spanish name. Information is also provided about the availability of fishery production statistics on the species item in the FAO databases. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FAOASFISSpeciesForFisheryStatisticsPurposes | 5 December 2019 13:52:50 |
| FaunalBeds | Dense aggregation of animals that visually dominate the seabed or shore such as brittlestars (e.g. Ophiothrix fragilis ) or mussels (e.g. Mytilus edulis). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FaunalBeds | 14 May 2015 10:48:06 |
| FeaturesOther | Descriptors of types of unusual or unique types of substratum or habitat | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FeaturesOther | 2 June 2015 13:12:53 |
| Fecundity | Number of eggs reported produced per female per reproductive cycle. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fecundity | 3 June 2015 11:05:02 |
| Feeding | Traits related to how an organism feeds, the food type and feeding method exhibited by a species | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Feeding | 22 May 2015 13:25:32 |
| FeedingApparatus | Description of the apparatus (mechanism) used to collect/capture food | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FeedingApparatus | 28 May 2015 10:26:38 |
| FeedingMethodBehaviour | A description of how the oganism gathers food, and from where | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FeedingMethodBehaviour | 29 July 2015 11:20:27 |
| Fertilization | Description of the location of fertilization, whereby in animals/macroalgae a gametes are fertilized or in plants pollination occurs. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fertilization | 3 June 2015 10:29:14 |
| FilerBasket | Specialist e.g. sea squirts | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FilerBasket | 28 May 2015 11:26:50 |
| Filiform | Slender and thread-like (Kozloff, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Filiform | 10 November 2014 09:11:24 |
| FineCleanSand | Particle size 0.063 - 0.5 mm (Hiscock, 1996) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FineCleanSand | 2 June 2015 11:01:57 |
| Fisheries: accidental as bait | This is where an invasive species is used as a bait resulting in its introduction into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fisheries: accidental as bait | 6 May 2015 11:42:11 |
| Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish | Where in the process of stocking a fishery an associated invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish | 6 May 2015 11:43:04 |
| Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, packing or substrate | Where an invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region as a result of the movement of fishery related products or materials (ie: not the direct movement of fisheries stock). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, packing or substrate | 6 May 2015 11:43:20 |
| Fisheries: deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish to establish or support fishery | Where an invasive species is intentionally introduced into a new area/region for the purpose of stocking/replenishing/establishing a fishery industry based on the invasive species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fisheries: deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish to establish or support fishery | 6 May 2015 11:43:41 |
| Fission | A form of asexual multiplication involving division of the body into two or more parts each or all of which can grow into new individuals (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fission | 3 June 2015 11:14:34 |
| Flabellate | Shaped like a fan, fanlike (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Flabellate | 10 November 2014 09:13:02 |
| Flaccid | Soft, limp, flabby (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Flaccid | 10 November 2014 09:25:01 |
| FlattenedEllipsoid | Flattened ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FlattenedEllipsoid | 14 May 2015 11:39:28 |
| Flexibility | An indication of how far an organism can bend/flex without breaking or suffering damage - High (>45°) / Low (10 – 45°) / None (<10°) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Flexibility | 29 July 2015 11:08:00 |
| Floating | Seabirds/wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Floating | 7 November 2014 13:07:48 |
| Fluctuating | A species which exhibits fluctuating densities (either undefined in the literature or otherwise not mentioned in the abundance terms/parameters described here). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fluctuating | 6 May 2015 11:43:59 |
| FlyerFlight | An organism able to propel itself though the air e.g. using wings, such as winged insects, birds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FlyerFlight | 29 July 2015 11:44:30 |
| Foliose | Bearing leaves or leaf-like structures; having the appearance of a leaf. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Foliose | 10 November 2014 09:30:01 |
| FollowingFishingBoats | Seabirds | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FollowingFishingBoats | 7 November 2014 13:08:42 |
| FoodPiracy | Stealing food from other birds in flight | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FoodPiracy | 29 July 2015 11:50:33 |
| FoodTypeDiet | Description of the source of the organisms nurishment, i.e. what it feeds on | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FoodTypeDiet | 29 July 2015 11:29:34 |
| FootPaddling | Seabirds/Wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FootPaddling | 7 November 2014 13:10:14 |
| FootStirring | Seabirds/Wader | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FootStirring | 7 November 2014 13:09:21 |
| Forest | A dense stand of large plants in which the upper branches (trees) or laminae (macroalgae) overlap to form a canopy that shades the under story of flora and fauna. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Forest | 7 November 2014 16:53:08 |
| ForestForming | An organism that forms a large area of close individuals forming a canopy (e.g. trees, large kelps). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ForestForming | 14 May 2015 16:28:55 |
| ForkLength | 1) Length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the middle caudal rays. This measurement is used instead of standard length for fishes on which it is difficult to ascertain the end of the vertebral column, and instead of total length in fish with stiff, forked tail, e.g., tuna. Mostly used in fishery biology and not in systematics. (FishBase) 2) Fork length (FL) refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the middle caudal fin rays and is used in fishes in which it is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends. (Wikipedia) 3) Fork length (FL) can be specified as:
| http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ForkLength | 7 June 2016 11:37:23 |
| Fragile | Likely to break, or crack as a result of physical impact; brittle or friable. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fragile | 10 November 2014 10:20:43 |
| Fragility | A qualitative estimate of the susceptibility of a species to physical damage. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Fragility | 29 July 2015 11:08:11 |
| FreeLiving | Free living - little modification | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FreeLiving | 15 April 2016 12:12:35 |
| FreeWaterColumn | Eggs spawned into water column | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FreeWaterColumn | 3 June 2015 11:13:19 |
| Freshwater | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Freshwater | 6 May 2015 14:41:42 | |
| FreshwaterSalinity | <0.5 psu | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FreshwaterSalinity | 1 June 2015 11:14:32 |
| FunnelShaped | Shaped like a funnel | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:FunnelShaped | 10 November 2014 09:31:50 |
| GameteType | Descriptors of the relative size of gametes | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GameteType | 3 June 2015 09:42:52 |
| GenerationTime | The mean period of time between reproduction by parent generation and the reproduction of the first filial generation (Lincoln et al., 1998); recorded in years. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GenerationTime | 3 June 2015 11:44:11 |
| Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression | Where the species degrades native genetic resources (by hybridizing with native fauna/flora). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression | 6 May 2015 11:44:13 |
| GillRakers | Specialist - e.g. planktivorous fish such as basking shark | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GillRakers | 28 May 2015 11:28:07 |
| Gills | Where the respiratory organs also power and/or provide a feeding apparatus (muco-cilliary feeding) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Gills | 7 November 2014 14:53:59 |
| Glider | An organism that is able to glide through the air (e.g. using some form of membrane) but cannot propel itself through the air (e.g. flying fish) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Glider | 14 May 2015 15:52:45 |
| Globose | Approximately spherical, ovoid or globular (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Globose | 14 May 2015 10:50:04 |
| Glochidium | Specialist larval form in some freshwater bivalves, characterized by a bivalve shell, with or with a pair of hooks, and a long adhesive thread or tentacle. It lives as a temporary parasite on the gills or fins of fish. In some species a modified glochidium is termed a 'lasidium' before attachment and a 'haustorium' after attachment (Stachowitsch, 1992). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Glochidium | 1 July 2015 09:19:49 |
| GoettesLarva | Free-swimming four armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GoettesLarva | 15 December 2015 13:31:12 |
| Gonochoristic | Having separate sexes/genders (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Gonochoristic | 3 June 2015 08:57:34 |
| Gorgonin | fibrous protein in the mesoglea of sea fans (gorgonians) which forms the stiff skeleton of the colony. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Gorgonin | 23 January 2017 12:26:55 |
| Grasping | Tentacles that grab and grasp food items | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Grasping | 7 November 2014 14:43:19 |
| GraspingClaws | Appendages bear grasping claws (chelae) - e.g. arthropods, crabs, scorpions | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GraspingClaws | 28 May 2015 10:30:41 |
| GraspingPaws | Vertebrate hands, feat, paws etc designed to grasp food items using claws, talons etc. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GraspingPaws | 28 May 2015 10:31:47 |
| GravelShingle | 1) Particle size 4 -16 mm. 2) Clean stone or shell gravel including dead maerl (Hiscock, 1996) 3) >80% gravel (Long, 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GravelShingle | 2 June 2015 10:39:01 |
| GravellyMud | Mud with 5-30% gravel (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GravellyMud | 2 June 2015 11:48:57 |
| GravellyMuddySand | Sand (50-90%) with gravel (>5%) and mud (see Long, 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GravellyMuddySand | 2 June 2015 12:09:07 |
| GravellySand | Sand with 5-30% gravel (see Long 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GravellySand | 2 June 2015 09:51:03 |
| Grazer | Feeding on herbage, algae or phytoplankton by consuming the whole plant or the surface growth (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Grazer | 29 July 2015 11:15:34 |
| GrazerBrowser | Generally mobile consumers of sessile prey (e.g. plants, hydroids) cropping exposed tissues usually without killing the whole individual or colony. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrazerBrowser | 29 July 2015 11:21:09 |
| GrazerFrondsBlades | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the surface of macroalgal fronds and blades (Hiscock et al., 1999). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrazerFrondsBlades | 29 July 2015 11:16:03 |
| GrazerGrainsParticles | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from inorganic particles e.g. sand grains (MarLIN; Hiscock et al., 1999). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrazerGrainsParticles | 29 July 2015 11:16:15 |
| GrazerSurfaceSubstratum | Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the substratum (MarLIN; Hiscock et al., 1999). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrazerSurfaceSubstratum | 29 July 2015 11:16:28 |
| Gregarious | Living in groups or communities, growing in clusters (Thompson, 1995) - where the organisms actively seek out members of the same species as adult or larvae/juveniles for protection from the environment, predators or for breeding | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Gregarious | 20 May 2015 16:11:58 |
| GreySealPupProduction | Common in OSPAR Regions II, III | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GreySealPupProduction | 5 December 2019 11:00:23 |
| GroundForaging | seabirds? | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GroundForaging | 7 November 2014 12:59:28 |
| GrowthForm | Deterministic growth or indeterminate growth resulting in single unitary individuals or modular (colonial) organisms. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrowthForm | 29 July 2015 11:07:08 |
| GrowthRate | (expressed as µm, mm, cm per day/month/year) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:GrowthRate | 7 November 2014 15:28:58 |
| Habitat | Traits that describe an organisms preferred habitat and its position within that habitat. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Habitat | 6 May 2015 15:08:12 |
| HabitatModification | A general term to describe how the organism lives in or interacts with its habitat (adapted from BIOTIC, Bolam et al., 2013). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatModification | 29 July 2015 11:56:31 |
| HabitatPreferences | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatPreferences | 6 May 2015 15:08:20 | |
| HabitatsDirective | The Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species. Some 200 rare and characteristic habitat types are also targeted for conservation in their own right. All in all, over 1.000 animal and plant species, as well as 200 habitat types, listed in the directive's annexes are protected in various ways. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirective | 5 December 2019 09:47:22 |
| HabitatsDirectiveAnnexI | (needs a definition) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexI | 5 December 2019 09:37:09 |
| HabitatsDirectiveAnnexII | Annex II species (about 900): core areas of their habitat are designated as sites of Community importance (SCIs) and included in the Natura 2000 network. These sites must be managed in accordance with the ecological needs of the species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexII | 5 December 2019 09:38:48 |
| HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIII | (needs a definition) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIII | 5 December 2019 09:41:09 |
| HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIV | Annex IV species (over 400, including many annex II species): a strict protection regime must be applied across their entire natural range within the EU, both within and outside Natura 2000 sites. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexIV | 5 December 2019 09:42:13 |
| HabitatsDirectiveAnnexV | Annex V species (over 90): Member States must ensure that their exploitation and taking in the wild is compatible with maintaining them in a favourable conservation status. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexV | 5 December 2019 09:44:47 |
| HabitatsDirectiveAnnexVI | (needs a definition) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HabitatsDirectiveAnnexVI | 5 December 2019 09:45:58 |
| Hadobenthic | Occupying the ocean floor at depths exceeding ca 6000 m. Usually in trenches and canyons of the abyssal zone. (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hadobenthic | 28 May 2015 15:21:58 |
| Hadopelagic | Open waters of deep oceanic trenches, from ca 6000 m and below. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hadopelagic | 29 May 2015 15:26:39 |
| HalfCone | Half cone (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HalfCone | 14 May 2015 11:17:47 |
| HalfConeFlattenedEllipsoid | Half cone with flattened ellipsoid (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HalfConeFlattenedEllipsoid | 14 May 2015 11:26:16 |
| HalfParallelepiped | Half parallelepiped (Olenina et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HalfParallelepiped | 14 May 2015 11:18:43 |
| HalfSphereDome | Half sphere (dome) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HalfSphereDome | 14 May 2015 11:27:25 |
| HaploidDiploid | Both haploid and diploid forms, with gametophytes giving rise to haploid gametes, and sporophytes giving rise to haploid spores by meiosis | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HaploidDiploid | 2 June 2015 15:00:13 |
| Haplontic | A life cycle in which meiosis occurs in the zygote to produce the haploid phase but in which only the zygote is diploid (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Haplontic | 2 June 2015 14:56:54 |
| Hard | Hard substratum e.g. bedrock, concrete, boulders,cobbles and pebbles | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hard | 25 June 2015 14:26:18 |
| HardImmobile | Immobile hard substratum e.g. solid rock, concrete but including soft rocks, such as chalk. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HardImmobile | 25 June 2015 14:27:13 |
| HardMobile | Mobile hard substratum, e.g. cobbles, pebbles that are regularly moved by wave action. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HardMobile | 25 June 2015 14:27:50 |
| HardSubstrata | Attached or stuck to hard substrata, e.g. dog whelk capsules | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HardSubstrata | 3 June 2015 11:10:37 |
| Hawking | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hawking | 29 July 2015 11:50:44 | |
| HeightAboveSubstratum | Height above the surface of the substratum of an individual or single modular colony. e.g a blade of seagrass, a seaweed thallus, projecting tube worm, upright sea pen etc. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HeightAboveSubstratum | 29 July 2015 11:08:29 |
| Herbivore | An organism which only feeds on plants, including phytoplankton. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Herbivore | 7 November 2014 16:30:39 |
| Heteromorphic | The haploid and diploid phases are different in size and body shape; the gametophyte is often diminutive (small to microscopic). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Heteromorphic | 6 March 2020 10:56:26 |
| Heterotroph | An organism that obtains nourishment from exogenous (external) organic material (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Heterotroph | 29 July 2015 11:30:00 |
| HighMagnesiumCalcite | Calcite where more then 8wt.% CaCO3 is substituted by MgCO3. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HighMagnesiumCalcite | 23 January 2017 12:20:38 |
| Host | An organism that provides food or shelter for another organisms, e.g. the inhabited symbiont. May be a definitive host infected by an adult stage or an intermediate host infected by life stages (see Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Host | 20 May 2015 16:22:49 |
| HoverDipping | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HoverDipping | 15 July 2015 15:48:16 | |
| Hovering | Bird/insect specific | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hovering | 29 July 2015 11:51:06 |
| Human health | Where the species impacts human health. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Human health | 6 May 2015 11:44:27 |
| Hydrostatic | Skeletal support provided by hydrostatic pressure from a fluid filled cavity (e.g. the coelum) surrounded by muscles. Hydrostatic pressure provides skeletal support in sea anemones, jellyfish, nematodes, annelids, echinoderms, and other groups. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hydrostatic | 23 January 2017 10:15:04 |
| HyperSaline | >40 psu | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:HyperSaline | 1 June 2015 11:15:15 |
| Hyperbenthic | Living above but close to the substratum (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Hyperbenthic | 30 June 2015 14:39:22 |
| IUCNRedList | Provides taxonomic, conservation status, and distribution information on taxa that are facing a high risk of global extinction. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:IUCNRedList | 5 December 2019 08:47:56 |
| IceAssociated | Sea ice, icebergs and other ice-associated marine habitats. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:IceAssociated | 8 July 2015 09:14:04 |
| Impact | Information on the impact of introduced and invasive marine species has been recorded. These include impacts on native species, their habitats and ecosystems, human health and activity, transmission of diseases, etc. Descriptive terms of impacts were standardized and listed in a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Impact | 6 May 2015 12:08:10 |
| In captivity/cultivated | Species that have been introduced and maintained in captivity or cultivated for example those species that are farmed in aquaculture or mariculture facilities. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:In captivity/cultivated | 6 May 2015 11:44:43 |
| Independant (Free living) | Independant, individual organisms | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Independant (Free living) | 20 May 2015 15:40:41 |
| Individual release: accidental release by individuals | This describes any situation in which an invasive species is "accidentally" set free in the wild from aquaria sources leading to its introduction into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Individual release: accidental release by individuals | 6 May 2015 11:45:33 |
| Individual release: deliberate release by individuals | This describes any situation in which an invasive species is intentionally planted or set free in the wild leading to its introduction into a new area/region. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Individual release: deliberate release by individuals | 6 May 2015 11:45:52 |
| Induces novel behavioural or eco-physiological responses | Where the species affects the behaviour of native species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Induces novel behavioural or eco-physiological responses | 6 May 2015 11:46:06 |
| Infaunal | Benthic animals which live within the seabed. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Infaunal | 30 June 2015 14:32:52 |
| Infralittoral | A subzone of the sublittoral in which upward-facing rocks are dominated by erect algae, typically kelps; it can be further subdivided into the upper and lower infralittoral (based on Hiscock, 1985). The term is also used by Glémarec (1973) to refer to areas (étages) with a eurythermal environment of great seasonal and also daily and tidal amplitude. 1) lower The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, supports scattered kelp plants (a kelp park) or from which kelps are absent altogether and the seabed is dominated by foliose red and brown algae. It may be difficult to distinguish the lower infralittoralwhere grazing pressure prevents the establishment of foliose algae. 2) upper The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hardsubstrata, is dominated by Laminariales forming a dense canopy, or kelp forest (based on Hiscock, 1985). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Infralittoral | 6 May 2015 14:46:11 |
| InhalentSiphon | Specialist - modified siphon to capture prey | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:InhalentSiphon | 15 July 2015 16:07:45 |
| Inquilinist | A symbiotic association in which one symbiont lives in close association with another, generally in the tube or burrow or actually within a body chamber of the host (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Inquilinist | 20 May 2015 16:06:10 |
| Instar | Any intermoult stage in the development of an arthropod (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Instar | 30 June 2015 10:42:41 |
| Intermediary | Liable to suffer minor damage, chips or cracks as result of physical impacts. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Intermediary | 10 November 2014 10:21:25 |
| Internal | Fertilization (gametes meet) within the body (or body cavity or accessory organ) of the individual | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Internal | 6 May 2015 08:40:35 |
| Interstitial | Living within the system of cavities and channels formed by the spaces between grains in a sediment (interstitial space). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Interstitial | 30 June 2015 14:36:19 |
| Introduced Species Catalog | Terms and definitions used in the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRIMS). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Introduced Species Catalog | 15 September 2015 15:10:25 |
| Introduced country and/or sea area | Country or sea area that is recorded as the known introduced range of the species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Introduced country and/or sea area | 2 June 2015 17:07:54 |
| Introduction unverified | Species whose presence is uncertain, maybe reported as present anecdotally but not confirmed. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Introduction unverified | 15 September 2015 15:02:26 |
| Introvert | specialist - sipunculans | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Introvert | 7 November 2014 15:19:53 |
| Invasive | Species that are known to be invasive- those species in whose cases evidence of impact has been recorded or which is spreading aggressively. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Invasive | 6 May 2015 11:46:43 |
| Invasiveness | Terms used to describe 'Invasiveness' of species. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Invasiveness | 6 May 2015 13:35:12 |
| Invasiveness Not specified | A species whose 'invasiveness' has not been specified in its introduced range. The species is known to be present and has been reported but there is no comment on its invasiveness. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Invasiveness Not specified | 6 May 2015 11:46:58 |
| Invasiveness Uncertain | Species whose invasiveness is uncertain. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Invasiveness Uncertain | 6 May 2015 11:47:17 |
| Isogamous | Gametes similar in size, shape and behaviour, not differentiated into male or female (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Isogamous | 3 June 2015 09:45:13 |
| Isomorphic | Haploid and diploid phases morphologically identical | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Isomorphic | 6 March 2020 10:56:37 |
| Iteroparous | 1) Breeding several times per lifetime. 2) Organisms that have repeated reproductive cycles (Lincoln et al., 1998). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Iteroparous | 3 June 2015 10:42:39 |
| JetPropulsion | Swimming is effected by contraction of the body or body cavity to produce a 'jet' of water, e.g. medusae and cephalopods (from Barnes et al., 2006) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:JetPropulsion | 29 July 2015 12:08:44 |
| Jumper/Hopper | Organisms able to undertake a rapid jump or hop several times their own body length, using specialised limbs or appendages (e.g. sand hoppers, spring tails, grass hoppers etc) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Jumper/Hopper | 7 November 2014 16:06:49 |
| Juvenile | Early adult life stage of an organism that shares the morphology and ecology of the adult but is not capable of reproduction. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Juvenile | 1 July 2015 13:20:13 |
| Juveniles | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Juveniles | 6 May 2015 10:33:28 | |
| Keratinous | composed of keratin, a fibrous protein rich cysteine constituent of intermediate filaments (keratin filaments), chief material in horn, hair, nails and the upper layer of skin (derived from Lawrence, 2005). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Keratinous | 14 March 2017 08:08:34 |
| Kleptoparasitism | In which the female of one species steals the food reserves or prey of a female of another species, to feed her own progeny (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Kleptoparasitism | 29 July 2015 11:21:35 |
| Lagoon | Enclosed bodies of water, separated or partially separated from the sea by shingle, sand or sometimes rock and with a restricted exchange of water with the sea, yielding varying salinity regimes. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lagoon | 29 May 2015 16:36:16 |
| Lanceolate | Lance shaped and usually elongate (Brusca, 1980). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lanceolate | 10 November 2014 09:51:21 |
| LargeBoulders | >512 mm; likely to be stable (Hiscock, 1996). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LargeBoulders | 1 June 2015 14:24:49 |
| LargeInsectColonies | Large colonies of indivduals cooperating for mutual benefit, made up of thousnads or more individuals, often with a dominant matriach, e.g. social incests , bees etc. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LargeInsectColonies | 29 July 2015 11:34:28 |
| Larva | An independent, motile, developmental stage of an organism, that differs in morphology and ecology from the juvenile or adult stage, and undergoes a metamorphosis to become the juvenile or adult (adapted from Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Barnes et al., 2006). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Larva | 1 July 2015 09:54:12 |
| LarvalJuvenileDevelopment | Description of how the larvae or juveniles develop into adults | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LarvalJuvenileDevelopment | 3 June 2015 11:19:04 |
| LarvalSettlement | Description of the period of time over which larval settlement occurs. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LarvalSettlement | 3 June 2015 11:56:55 |
| LarvalStageDuration | Duration of the larval stage recorded in days or months. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LarvalStageDuration | 3 June 2015 12:00:11 |
| LarvalSttlementSubstratum | A description of the preferred substratum for larval settlement | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LarvalSttlementSubstratum | 3 June 2015 12:01:20 |
| LeastConcern | A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LeastConcern | 4 December 2019 14:23:23 |
| Lecithotrophic | Development at the expense of internal resources (i.e. yolk) provided by the female (Barnes et al., 1993). | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lecithotrophic | 3 June 2015 11:33:33 |
| LifeCycle | The stages an organism passes through between the production of gametes by one generation and production of gametes by the next generation (Lincoln et al., 1998) | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LifeCycle | 2 June 2015 14:52:34 |
| LifeSpan | life span/longevity, recorded in days, months, years. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:LifeSpan | 3 June 2015 10:58:44 |
| Lifehistory | Traits that describe the life history characteristics of an organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lifehistory | 5 February 2020 12:20:06 |
| Lifestage | Description of the larval and juvenile stages in the life cycle of an organism | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lifestage | 30 June 2015 10:59:16 |
| Lithotomous | Stone-boring; an organism that burrows into rock. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lithotomous | 30 June 2015 14:33:50 |
| Locally common | A species which is observed to have a patchy distribution in terms of being common only at some locations. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Locally common | 6 May 2015 11:47:36 |
| Location Type | Three location types have been recorded to describe the native range and known introduced range of the species | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Location Type | 6 May 2015 12:09:20 |
| Lophophore | Specialist - filter feeding organ e.g. brachiopods, phoronids, bryozoans | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Lophophore | 28 May 2015 13:38:41 |
| Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain | Where the species reduces aquaculture harvest or commercial/recreational gain. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain | 6 May 2015 11:47:51 |
| Loss of public/tourist amenity | Where the species degrades amenities associated with public/tourist sites. | http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Loss of public/tourist amenity | 6 May 2015 11:48:39 |
