Difference between revisions of "APE"
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They have been widely used in detergents, plastics and pesticides. Large amounts of the produced APEs end up in the marine [[ecosystem]]. It can be degraded to [[nonylphenol]] and [[octylphenol]], which are both more toxic and can act as [[endocrine disrupting compounds]] by behaving as estrogens. | They have been widely used in detergents, plastics and pesticides. Large amounts of the produced APEs end up in the marine [[ecosystem]]. It can be degraded to [[nonylphenol]] and [[octylphenol]], which are both more toxic and can act as [[endocrine disrupting compounds]] by behaving as estrogens. | ||
| − | The use of alkylphenol ethoxylates has been banned or restricted | + | The use of alkylphenol ethoxylates has been banned or restricted<ref>Verslycke, T.; Vethaak, A.D.; Arijs, K.; Janssen, C.R. (2004). Flame retardants, surfactants and organotins in sediment and mysid shrimp of the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands). Environ. Poll. 136(1): 19-31</ref>. |
| − | <ref>Verslycke, T.; Vethaak, A.D.; Arijs, K.; Janssen, C.R. (2004). Flame retardants, surfactants and organotins in sediment and mysid shrimp of the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands). Environ. Poll. 136(1): 19-31</ref> | + | |
<P> | <P> | ||
<BR> | <BR> | ||
Revision as of 12:32, 2 October 2009
Contents
Definition of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs):
A mixture of chemicals which are used as surfactants. [1]
This is the common definition for alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs), other definitions can be discussed in the article
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Notes
They have been widely used in detergents, plastics and pesticides. Large amounts of the produced APEs end up in the marine ecosystem. It can be degraded to nonylphenol and octylphenol, which are both more toxic and can act as endocrine disrupting compounds by behaving as estrogens.
The use of alkylphenol ethoxylates has been banned or restricted[2].
Case studies
Flame retardants organotin compounds and surfactants in opossum shrimps of the Scheldt estuary.
References
- ↑ http://website.lineone.net August 27 2009
- ↑ Verslycke, T.; Vethaak, A.D.; Arijs, K.; Janssen, C.R. (2004). Flame retardants, surfactants and organotins in sediment and mysid shrimp of the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands). Environ. Poll. 136(1): 19-31
