Difference between revisions of "Measuring instruments for estuaries"

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The available instruments (and accuracies involved) for measuring:
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This article is a summary of sub-section 5.3.3 of the [[Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas]]<ref>Rijn, L. C. van (1986). ''Manual sediment transport measurements''. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft Hydraulics Laboratory</ref>. This article describes which instruments are available to measure several aspects of sediment management in estuaries.
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  - bed load transport,
 
  
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  - suspended sediment concentrations and transport rates,
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==Instruments for estuaries==
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Table 1, 2 and 3 present the available instruments (and accuracies involved) for measuring:
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* [[bed load]] transport,
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* [[suspended load|suspended]] sediment concentrations and transport rates  
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* particle sizes and fall velocities,
  
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  - particle sizes and fall velocities,
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The order of preference in the Tables is based on the overall sampling accuracy. Simple mechanical instruments such as the bottle-type and the trap-type samplers are not attractive because of the very short sampling times involved. Accuracy cannot be improved by increasing number of samples due to time-variation of sediment concentrations within the tidal cycle.
  
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are presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below; order of preference is based on the overall sampling accuracy. Simple mechanical instruments such as the bottle-type and the trap-type samplers are not attractive because of the very short sampling times involved. Accuracy cannot be improved by increasing number of samples due to time-variation of sediment concentrations within the tidal cycle.
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Point-samples should be taken over the entire water column in strong tidal flows as the sediments will be mixed over the water column by turbulent eddies. Data sampling can be confined to the bottom region in weak tidal flows. Flocculation often is a dominant process in muddy estuaries. The LISST-ST which is an [[in-situ]] Laser diffraction instrument in combination with a settling tube offers a powerful solution to measure particle sizes, concentrations and densities of the individual particles as well as the flocculated aggregates (low concentrations <150 mg/l) in on-line mode. This instrument (LISST-ST) is not yet suitable for long-term, stand-alone measurements due to insufficient robustness, relatively low concentration range (<150 mg/l) and biological fouling problems (see also [[Optical Laser diffraction instruments (LISST)]]).
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Point-samples should be taken over the entire water column in strong tidal flows as the sediments will be mixed over the water column by turbulent eddies. Data sampling can be confined to the bottom region in weak tidal flows. Flocculation often is a dominant process in muddy estuaries. The LISST-ST which is an in-situ Laser diffraction instrument in combination with a settling tube offers a powerful solution to measure particle sizes, concentrations and densities of the individual particles as well as the flocculated aggregates (low concentrations <150 mg/l) in on-line mode. This instrument (LISST-ST) is not yet suitable for long-term, stand-alone measurements due to insufficient robustness, relatively low concentration range (<150 mg/l) and biological fouling problems.
 
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[[Image:H533figure1.jpg|thumb|right]]
 
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[[Image:H533figure2.jpg|thumb|right]]
 
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==References==
 
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<references/>
 
  
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[[Image:H533figure1.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Table 1 and 2: Instruments to measure bed load and suspended load]]
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[[Image:H533figure2.jpg|thumb|350px|none|Table 3: Instruments to measure particle size and fall velocity]]
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<br style="clear:both;"/>
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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===Summaries of the manual===
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* [[Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas]]
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* Chapter 1: [[Introduction, problems and approaches in sediment transport measurements]]
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* Chapter 2:  [[Definitions, processes and models in morphology]]
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* Chapter 3: [[Principles, statistics and errors of measuring sediment transport]]
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* Chapter 4: [[Computation of sediment transport and presentation of results]]
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* Chapter 5: [[Measuring instruments for sediment transport]]
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* Chapter 6: [[Measuring instruments for particle size and fall velocity]]
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* Chapter 7: [[Measuring instruments for bed material sampling]]
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* Chapter 8: [[Laboratory and in situ analysis of samples]]
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* Chapter 9: [[In situ measurement of wet bulk density]]
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* Chapter 10: [[Instruments for bed level detection]]
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* Chapter 11: [[Argus video]]
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* Chapter 12: [[Measuring instruments for fluid velocity, pressure and wave height]]
  
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===Other contributions of Leo van Rijn===
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===Other internal links===
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*[[Instrument characteristics of point-integrating suspended load samplers]]
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*[[Guidelines for selection of sediment transport samplers]]
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*[[Measuring instruments for rivers]]
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*[[Measuring instruments for coasts]]
  
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====articles with parts of the manual====
 
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*[[Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas]]
 
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*[[INTRODUCTION, PROBLEMS AND APPROACHES IN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MEASUREMENTS]]
 
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*[[DEFINITIONS, PROCESSES AND MODELS IN MORPHOLOGY]]
 
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*[[PRINCIPLES, STATISTICS AND ERRORS OF MEASURING SEDIMENT TRANSPORT]]
 
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*[[COMPUTATION OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS]]
 
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*[[MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR SEDIMENT TRANSPORT]]
 
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*[[MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR PARTICLE SIZE AND FALL VELOCITY]]
 
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*[[MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR BED MATERIAL SAMPLING]]
 
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*[[LABORATORY AND IN-SITU ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES]]
 
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*[[IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF WET BULK DENSITY]]
 
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*[[INSTRUMENTS FOR BED LEVEL DETECTION]]
 
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*[[ARGUS VIDEO]]
 
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*[[MEASURING  INSTRUMENTS FOR FLUID VELOCITY, PRESSURE AND WAVE HEIGHT]]
 
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==== other articles ====
 
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*[[Instrument Characteristics of Point-Integrating Suspended Load Samplers]]
 
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*[[Guidelines for Selection of Sediment Transport Samplers]]
 
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*[[Instruments for rivers]]
 
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*[[Instruments for estuaries]]
 
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*[[Instruments for coasts]]
 
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*[[bed load transport]]
 
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==External links==
 
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==Crediting the authors==
 
  
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==References==
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<references/>
  
 
{{author  
 
{{author  
 
|AuthorID=13226  
 
|AuthorID=13226  
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|AuthorName= Rijn, Leo van}}
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|AuthorFullName= Rijn, Leo van
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|AuthorName=Leovanrijn}}
  
 
{{author  
 
{{author  
 
|AuthorID=12969  
 
|AuthorID=12969  
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|AuthorName= Roberti, Hans}}
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|AuthorFullName= Roberti, Hans
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|AuthorName=Robertihans}}
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[[Category:Coastal and marine observation and monitoring]]
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[[Category:Observation of physical parameters]]

Latest revision as of 19:13, 29 June 2019

This article is a summary of sub-section 5.3.3 of the Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas[1]. This article describes which instruments are available to measure several aspects of sediment management in estuaries.

Instruments for estuaries

Table 1, 2 and 3 present the available instruments (and accuracies involved) for measuring:

  • bed load transport,
  • suspended sediment concentrations and transport rates
  • particle sizes and fall velocities,

The order of preference in the Tables is based on the overall sampling accuracy. Simple mechanical instruments such as the bottle-type and the trap-type samplers are not attractive because of the very short sampling times involved. Accuracy cannot be improved by increasing number of samples due to time-variation of sediment concentrations within the tidal cycle.

Point-samples should be taken over the entire water column in strong tidal flows as the sediments will be mixed over the water column by turbulent eddies. Data sampling can be confined to the bottom region in weak tidal flows. Flocculation often is a dominant process in muddy estuaries. The LISST-ST which is an in-situ Laser diffraction instrument in combination with a settling tube offers a powerful solution to measure particle sizes, concentrations and densities of the individual particles as well as the flocculated aggregates (low concentrations <150 mg/l) in on-line mode. This instrument (LISST-ST) is not yet suitable for long-term, stand-alone measurements due to insufficient robustness, relatively low concentration range (<150 mg/l) and biological fouling problems (see also Optical Laser diffraction instruments (LISST)).

Table 1 and 2: Instruments to measure bed load and suspended load
Table 3: Instruments to measure particle size and fall velocity


See also

Summaries of the manual

Other internal links


References

  1. ↑ Rijn, L. C. van (1986). Manual sediment transport measurements. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft Hydraulics Laboratory
The main author of this article is Rijn, Leo van
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
Citation: Rijn, Leo van (2019): Measuring instruments for estuaries. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Measuring_instruments_for_estuaries [accessed on 24-11-2024]


The main author of this article is Roberti, Hans
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
Citation: Roberti, Hans (2019): Measuring instruments for estuaries. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Measuring_instruments_for_estuaries [accessed on 24-11-2024]
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