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- ...n of ecosystems that reinforce the shore protection function of artificial structures. Examples discussed in this article are ecological enhancement with reef bu ...coastal stretches around the world have been armored with hard protection structures. For example, 14% of the United States coastline (Popkin, 2015<ref>Popkin,16 KB (2,325 words) - 21:09, 31 March 2024
- ..., especially in cases where the beach is backed by a natural or artificial hard structure. ...ots result from wave focusing through refraction over offshore bathymetric structures<ref>Healy, T.R. 1987. The importance of wave focusing in the coastal erosio29 KB (4,526 words) - 12:45, 24 April 2024
- ...been degraded, recovery is more beneficial than technical repair with hard structures, in both environmental and cost aspects<ref name=F14/>. Recovery of the ree8 KB (1,229 words) - 20:45, 2 April 2024
- ...k has been believed to be a water hammer shock. When a metal hammer hits a hard wall an elastic compression wave will travel with the sound velocity from t ...>Kamel, A.M. 1968. Shock pressure caused by waves breaking against coastal structures. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Res. Rep. H- 68- 2</ref>).7 KB (1,237 words) - 19:00, 10 January 2023
- |definition= Low-crested breakwaters are manmade wave damping structures in nearshore waters with crest level just above or just below the still wat ...of incoming waves and thereby protect beaches against erosion. While these structures only partially reduce incoming waves, they offer several advantages over hi8 KB (1,271 words) - 19:43, 31 March 2024
- |definition= Beachrocks are hard coastal sedimentary formations consisting of various beach sediments, lithi ...dern beachrock alters beach morphology in a way similar to hard artificial structures by modifying longshore and cross-shore sediment transport, see e.g. [[Detac5 KB (698 words) - 21:23, 6 April 2024
