Pentachlorobenzene
{{Definition|title=pentachlorobenzene
|definition=Pentachlorobenzene is a substance that looks like white or colourless crystals and has an odour. In the past, PeCB was one component of a chlorobenzene mixture used to reduce the viscosity of PCB products employed for heat transfer. PeCB has also been used in a chlorobenzenes mixture with PCBs in electrical equipment [1] [2] .
Notes
| Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) |
|---|
|
| Formula |
| C6HCl5 |
There are no large scale uses of PeCB at present. Current emissions of PeCB to the environment are estimated to be about 85.000 kg/year. The largest sources appear to be combustion of solid wastes (33.000 kg/year) and biomass burning (44.000 kg/year).[2]
PeCB is stable under environmental conditions, it mainly disappears from water bodies and soils by evaporation, which is rather low. In fact in equilibrium conditions 30,6% of the environmental PeCB is expected to be in the atmosphere 68,1% adsorbed to soils, 0,2% dissolved in water bodies and the remaining 1,1% adsorbed to sediments. Atmospherical PeCB is faster degraded than that in the soil of in water although it still takes 170 to 300 days to half the PeCB concentration in the atmosphere. PeCB can therefore be transported globally.
PeCB demonstrates a high bioaccumulation potential in fishes. A variety of studies showed that fish tissues accumulate to concentrations which are between 6.500 and 13.000 times higher than those of their environment. There appears to be however quite little biomagnification in aquatic food webs.[2]
Some fishes species start dying when exposed for a prolonged period of time to concentrations above 50 µg/l. One crab species dies during moulting when exposed to concentrations of 75 µg/l, although some other marine invertebrate species were able to tolerate concentrations up to 300µg/l and some even above 3 mg/l.
Concentrations in the Pacific Ocean average at 16 pg/l.[2]
Environmental standards and legislation
Included in the water framework list of priority substances
