Pollution and zoobenthos

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TBT nearly caused collaps of oyster farms of Arcachon bay in France[1]

TBT causes imposex in gastropods, which affects female strility. as a consequence many gastropods became extinct. International ban in 2003, remove all TBT by 2008 [2]


PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in Belgian shrimp

Heavy metal content of mussels in the Western Scheldt estuary

Common starfish can act as a bioindicator for heavy metal pollution

Effects of copper-based antifouling paints on brine shrimp

Levels of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in various benthic species in the Belgian North sea and the Western Scheldt estuary

Effects of heavy metals on the sperm quality and the larvae survival of sea urchins

TBT and intersex in periwinkles
  1. http://www.vliz.be/imis/imis.php?module=ref&refid=120882
  2. De Wolf, H.; Handa, C.; Backeljau, T.; Blust, R. (2004). A baseline survey of intersex in Littorina littorea along the Scheldt Estuary, The Netherlands. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 48(5-6): 592-596