Green accounting
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Accounts environmentally adjusted has resulted from the necessity to modify the worldwide System of National Accounts (SNA) for calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP), economic growth over time and other related aggregate measures in order to better reflect natural resources depletion and environmental degradation (O'Conner et al. 2001[1]). That is why since 1980s, there were attempts to correct SNA to take full account of the depletion of natural resources and the deterioration of environmental functions. This led to accounts environmentally adjusted. This methodology can be complementary to I-O analysis and CGE since it can serve to greening I-O tables with the aim to use them for economic assessment of environmental policy options.
Accounts environmentally adjusted can be grouped under three main approaches even though these methods are often very closely interlinked and built upon each other (O’Connor et al., 2001[2]):
a) National Accounts Matrix including Environmental Accounts (NAMEA) :
The basic principle of the NAMEA, also called Directly Expanded National Accounts, is to directly expand national accounts with environmental information in physical or monetary units, or both. This allows us tracing back the origin of the environmental pressures to industrial branches responsible for it as well as allocating pressures to final demand categories (e.g. to household consumption) using input–output analysis.
In the NAMEA, a link has been established between the national accounts and environmental statistics. By doing so, NAMEA reveals the interrelation between macro-indicators for the economy (net domestic product, net saving, external balance etc.) and the environment. The NAMEA can function as an instrument for all kinds of analysis. For example, the direct and indirect environmental effects of consumption or export of certain products can be demonstrated (CBS, 2006, p. 8[3]). An example is shown Tableau 3.
Other regional economic accounting methods
References
- ↑ O’Connor M., Steurer A., Tamborra M., 2001. Greening National Accounts. Environmental Valuation Europe. Policy Research Brief Number 9. Cambridge Research for the Environment, 24 p. Available on Internet : http://kerbabel.c3ed.uvsq.fr/_Documents/CACT-FIC-DICT-C3ED-MOC-20010301-00001.pdf
- ↑ O’Connor M., Steurer A., Tamborra M., 2001. Greening National Accounts. Environmental Valuation Europe. Policy Research Brief Number 9. Cambridge Research for the Environment, 24 p. Available on Internet : http://kerbabel.c3ed.uvsq.fr/_Documents/CACT-FIC-DICT-C3ED-MOC-20010301-00001.pdf
- ↑ CBS (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek), 2006. Present status and future developments of the Dutch NAMEA. Paper for the international Workshop for Interactive Analysis on Economy and Environment. March 4th, Tokyo. Available on Internet : http://www.esri.go.jp/jp/archive/hou/hou020/hou20-2b-1.pdf
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