Difference between revisions of "Isoproturon"
From Coastal Wiki
(ref +ref +ref +ref +ref) |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Definition|title=isoproturon | {{Definition|title=isoproturon | ||
| − | |definition=Isoproturon is a selective, systemic herbicide used in the control of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in cereals. <ref>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturonsum.pdf WHO 2003 chemical fact sheet]</ref> Pure isoproturon occurs as colourless crystals which melt a | + | |definition=Isoproturon is a selective, systemic herbicide used in the control of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in cereals. <ref>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturonsum.pdf WHO 2003 chemical fact sheet]</ref> Pure isoproturon occurs as colourless crystals which melt a 158°C. It is slightly soluble in water and polar organic solvents<ref name = ea>[http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/39121.aspx www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009]</ref>.}} |
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;" | ||
| + | ! bgcolor="#FF8888" | Isoproturon | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Image:isoproturon.png|125px|isoproturon ]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! bgcolor="#8888FF" | Formula | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | align="center" | C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>18</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
Isoproturon mainly enters the environment during its application as an agricultural herbicide, but releases may also occur during manufacture, transportation and storage. <ref name = ea>[http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/39121.aspx www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009]</ref> | Isoproturon mainly enters the environment during its application as an agricultural herbicide, but releases may also occur during manufacture, transportation and storage. <ref name = ea>[http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/39121.aspx www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009]</ref> | ||
| − | Isoproturon has a low tendency to adsorb to soils and is therefore quite able to enter in water bodies although it has a rather low water solubility of 70.2 mg/l. In water; it takes about 30 days to half its concentration, while it takes about 40 days in soils. <ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref> | + | Isoproturon has a low tendency to [[adsorption|adsorb]] to soils and is therefore quite able to enter in water bodies although it has a rather low water solubility of 70.2 mg/l. In water; it takes about 30 days to half its concentration, while it takes about 40 days in soils. <ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref> |
Due to its low affinity for organic matter it is not expected to have a high tendency towards [[bioaccumulation]] or [[biomagnification]]. Significant bioaccumulation might however occur in certain species. <ref>[http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13698291 MERLIN Gerard, VUILLOD Maryline, LISSOLO Thierry, CLEMENT Bernard 2002 Fate and bioaccumulation of isoproturon in outdoor aquatic microcosms; Environmental toxicology and chemistry] </ref> | Due to its low affinity for organic matter it is not expected to have a high tendency towards [[bioaccumulation]] or [[biomagnification]]. Significant bioaccumulation might however occur in certain species. <ref>[http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13698291 MERLIN Gerard, VUILLOD Maryline, LISSOLO Thierry, CLEMENT Bernard 2002 Fate and bioaccumulation of isoproturon in outdoor aquatic microcosms; Environmental toxicology and chemistry] </ref> | ||
| Line 13: | Line 24: | ||
In fresh water concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded.<ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref> | In fresh water concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded.<ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <P> | ||
| + | <BR> | ||
| + | <P> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Environmental standards and legislation == | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[List of priority substances|Included in the water framework list of priority substances]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Coastal and marine pollution]] | ||
Revision as of 09:32, 18 August 2009
Definition of isoproturon:
Isoproturon is a selective, systemic herbicide used in the control of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in cereals. [1] Pure isoproturon occurs as colourless crystals which melt a 158°C. It is slightly soluble in water and polar organic solvents[2].
This is the common definition for isoproturon, other definitions can be discussed in the article
|
Notes
| Isoproturon |
|---|
|
| Formula |
| C12H18N2O |
Isoproturon mainly enters the environment during its application as an agricultural herbicide, but releases may also occur during manufacture, transportation and storage. [2] Isoproturon has a low tendency to adsorb to soils and is therefore quite able to enter in water bodies although it has a rather low water solubility of 70.2 mg/l. In water; it takes about 30 days to half its concentration, while it takes about 40 days in soils. [3]
Due to its low affinity for organic matter it is not expected to have a high tendency towards bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Significant bioaccumulation might however occur in certain species. [4]
Isoproturon is shown to be very toxic for oysters which can die at concentrations above 370 µg/l. Algae are also very vulnerable and can start dying at concentrations above 13 µg/l. Long term exposure to concentrations above 1 mg/l might affect the growth of fishes, although they only start dying at concentrations above 18 mg/l. [5]
In fresh water concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded.[3]
Environmental standards and legislation
Included in the water framework list of priority substances
References
- ↑ WHO 2003 chemical fact sheet
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality
- ↑ MERLIN Gerard, VUILLOD Maryline, LISSOLO Thierry, CLEMENT Bernard 2002 Fate and bioaccumulation of isoproturon in outdoor aquatic microcosms; Environmental toxicology and chemistry
- ↑ Review report for the active substance isoproturon, adopted December 7 2001
