Difference between revisions of "Cadmium"
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Definition|title= cadmium | Definition|title= cadmium | ||
| − | |definition=Cadmium is a [[heavy metals|heavy metal]] with symbol Cd and atomic number 48 | + | |definition=Cadmium is a [[heavy metals|heavy metal]] with symbol Cd and atomic number 48 }} |
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
| − | The main anthropogenic sources are [[copper]] and [[zinc]] smelting, batteries and fuel combustion. It mostly enters the marine ecosystem through atmospheric loading and riverine discharges.<ref>↑ Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref> | + | The main [[anthropogenic]] sources are [[copper]] and [[zinc]] smelting, batteries and fuel combustion. It mostly enters the marine ecosystem through atmospheric loading and riverine discharges.<ref>↑ Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref> |
Cadmium is regarded as one of the most toxic metals. It causes sublethal and behavioral effects at lower concentrations than mercury and lead. It causes cancer in animals, and in vertebrates it causes kidney toxicity. <ref name = bird>Biology of marine birds. Schreiber, E.A. & Burger, J. (Eds). 2002. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 722 pp. </ref> In humans it might also lead to skeletal deficiencies and lung damage. <ref>New perspectives: Toxicology and the environment. Toxicology of marine mammals, eds.J. Vos, G. Bossart, M. Fournier, and T. O'Shea, New York: Taylor & Francis. 643p</ref> | Cadmium is regarded as one of the most toxic metals. It causes sublethal and behavioral effects at lower concentrations than mercury and lead. It causes cancer in animals, and in vertebrates it causes kidney toxicity. <ref name = bird>Biology of marine birds. Schreiber, E.A. & Burger, J. (Eds). 2002. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 722 pp. </ref> In humans it might also lead to skeletal deficiencies and lung damage. <ref>New perspectives: Toxicology and the environment. Toxicology of marine mammals, eds.J. Vos, G. Bossart, M. Fournier, and T. O'Shea, New York: Taylor & Francis. 643p</ref> | ||
| − | Like other heavy metals, | + | Like other heavy metals, cadmium does not have [[biomagnification|biomagnifying]] properties. Higher trophic levels accumulate low amounts of cadmium and are able to deal with them efficiently with [[metallothionein|metallothioneins]]. Mollusks contain large amounts of cadmium and seem to [[bioaccumulation|accumulate]] them.<ref>Clark, R,B., 1999. Marine pollution. Oxford University press, Fourth edition, pp 161</ref> |
Revision as of 14:33, 23 July 2009
Definition of cadmium:
Cadmium is a heavy metal with symbol Cd and atomic number 48
This is the common definition for cadmium, other definitions can be discussed in the article
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Notes
The main anthropogenic sources are copper and zinc smelting, batteries and fuel combustion. It mostly enters the marine ecosystem through atmospheric loading and riverine discharges.[1]
Cadmium is regarded as one of the most toxic metals. It causes sublethal and behavioral effects at lower concentrations than mercury and lead. It causes cancer in animals, and in vertebrates it causes kidney toxicity. [2] In humans it might also lead to skeletal deficiencies and lung damage. [3]
Like other heavy metals, cadmium does not have biomagnifying properties. Higher trophic levels accumulate low amounts of cadmium and are able to deal with them efficiently with metallothioneins. Mollusks contain large amounts of cadmium and seem to accumulate them.[4]
See also
PCB and heavy metals in beached sperm whalesHeavy metal content of mussels in the Western Scheldt estuary
Common starfish can act as a bioindicator for heavy metal pollution
Effects of heavy metals on the sperm quality and the larvae survival of sea urchins
Heavy metals in various Belgian benthic invertebrates
References
- ↑ ↑ Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp
- ↑ Biology of marine birds. Schreiber, E.A. & Burger, J. (Eds). 2002. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 722 pp.
- ↑ New perspectives: Toxicology and the environment. Toxicology of marine mammals, eds.J. Vos, G. Bossart, M. Fournier, and T. O'Shea, New York: Taylor & Francis. 643p
- ↑ Clark, R,B., 1999. Marine pollution. Oxford University press, Fourth edition, pp 161
