| − | On most marine [[keystone species]] there is available ecological information. However, information on their changing [[Geographical and biogeographical information|geographic distributions]] through space and in time is seldom available. Temperature is a key feature to determine the geographic distribution for most organisms. Therefore, due to [[Effects_of_global_climate_change_on_European_marine_biodiversity|climate change]], many species have already begun to shift their ranges. Using genetic data, it is possible to track both past and present biogegraphic changes, identify past and present-day [[Biodiversity_hotspots|hotspots]] of high [[genetic diversity]]<ref name="ma">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306030378_Marine_Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Functioning Heip, C., Hummel, H., van Avesaath, P., Appeltans, W., Arvanitidis, C., Aspden, R., Austen, M., Boero, F., Bouma, TJ., Boxshall, G., Buchholz, F., Crowe, T., Delaney, A., Deprez, T., Emblow, C., Feral, JP., Gasol, JM., Gooday, A., Harder, J., Ianora, A., Kraberg, A., Mackenzie, B., Ojaveer, H., Paterson, D., Rumohr, H., Schiedek, D., Sokolowski, A., Somerfield, P., Sousa Pinto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 2009-2539]</ref>.
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