Difference between revisions of "Future marine biotechnology research"
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A major challenge in the field of marine biotechnology is to develop an efficient | A major challenge in the field of marine biotechnology is to develop an efficient | ||
procedure for the discovery of novel biomolecules in the marine environment. The high level of [[biodiversity]] of marine organisms makes them a prime target for bio-prospecting: a wide range of novel biomolecules are produced by these organisms, ranging from bioactive molecules and enzymes of interest for medicine to biopolymers with | procedure for the discovery of novel biomolecules in the marine environment. The high level of [[biodiversity]] of marine organisms makes them a prime target for bio-prospecting: a wide range of novel biomolecules are produced by these organisms, ranging from bioactive molecules and enzymes of interest for medicine to biopolymers with | ||
| − | diverse industrial applications. Microbes are particularly under-sampled and have great | + | diverse industrial applications. [[Microbial_research|Microbes are particularly under-sampled]] and have great potential, since a recent survey of proteins in the ocean has found thousands of new families with unknown functions. |
| − | potential, since a recent survey of proteins in the ocean has found thousands of new families with unknown functions. | ||
| − | There already exist some elements which can help to efficiently exploit this resource. These include marine stations with extensive biological expertise and sample-collection facilities and companies with the facility to develop novel biomolecules for industrial applications. An effort is required to bridge the gap between these elements and their potential industrial partners. | + | There already exist some elements which can help to efficiently exploit this resource. These include marine stations with extensive biological expertise and sample-collection facilities and companies with the facility to develop novel biomolecules for industrial applications. An effort is required to bridge the gap between these elements and their potential industrial partners<ref name="ma">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306030378_Marine_Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Functioning Heip, C., Hummel, H., van Avesaath, P., Appeltans, W., Arvanitidis, C., Aspden, R., Austen, M., Boero, F., Bouma, TJ., Boxshall, G., Buchholz, F., Crowe, T., Delaney, A., Deprez, T., Emblow, C., Feral, JP., Gasol, JM., Gooday, A., Harder, J., Ianora, A., Kraberg, A., Mackenzie, B., Ojaveer, H., Paterson, D., Rumohr, H., Schiedek, D., Sokolowski, A., Somerfield, P., Sousa Pinto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 2009-2539]</ref>. |
<P> | <P> | ||
<BR> | <BR> | ||
| + | |||
===Secondary metabolites, chemical biodiversity and biodiversity=== | ===Secondary metabolites, chemical biodiversity and biodiversity=== | ||
| − | Biochemical studies on marine organisms are very important, not only for the discovery of new drugs and biological tools, but also for better comprehension of ecosystems and | + | Biochemical studies on marine organisms are very important, not only for the discovery of new drugs and biological tools, but also for better comprehension of ecosystems and hence, better management of biodiversity. However, during the last twenty years, the study |
of the chemistry of natural products from biodiversity became dominated by the search | of the chemistry of natural products from biodiversity became dominated by the search | ||
| − | for active molecules directed towards drug production. This has sometimes sidetracked the scientific investigation | + | for active molecules directed towards drug production. This has sometimes sidetracked the scientific investigation from solving crucial questions in areas such as: |
| − | + | ||
| − | such as: | + | *examination of the interactions between [[species]] |
| − | between species | + | *chemical indications of environmental variation |
| − | environmental variation | + | *understanding biodiversity at the molecular scale |
| − | biodiversity at the molecular scale | + | *comprehending the molecular reactivity and its impact on biological functions. |
| − | comprehending the molecular reactivity and its | + | |
| − | impact on biological functions. | + | The challenge for the next ten years will be to explore how model organisms, including microbes, vary their production of metabolites in interaction with the environment and as a response to environmental changes ([[Effects of global climate change on European marine biodiversity|climatic]], [[pollution]], exceptional phenomena). |
| − | The challenge for the next ten years will be to | + | |
| − | explore | + | To achieve this goal, it will be necessary to study the role of the bioactive molecules within communities, their roles in competition for space and resources, and their role in defence against predators and pathogens. This will promote parallel studies in [[taxonomy]], |
| − | + | [[phylogeny]], phylogeography and chemistry and clarify the link between biodiversity and | |
| − | including microbes, in | + | chemodiversity<ref name="ma"/>. |
| − | the environment and | + | <P> |
| − | environmental changes (climatic, pollution, | + | <BR> |
| − | exceptional phenomena). To achieve this goal, | ||
| − | it will be necessary to study the role of the | ||
| − | bioactive molecules within communities, their | ||
| − | roles in | ||
| − | space and resources, and their role in defence | ||
| − | against predators and pathogens. This will | ||
| − | promote parallel studies in taxonomy, | ||
| − | phylogeny, phylogeography and chemistry and | ||
| − | clarify the link between biodiversity and | ||
| − | chemodiversity. | ||
| + | == See also == | ||
| + | *[[Chemical ecology]] | ||
| + | *[[Marine Functional Metabolites|Functional Metabolites]] | ||
| + | **[[Functional metabolites and macroalgal-herbivore interactions|Macroalgal-herbivore interactions]] | ||
| + | **[[Functional metabolites in benthic invertebrates|Benthic invertebrates]] | ||
| + | **[[Functional metabolites in phytoplankton|Phytoplankton]] | ||
| + | **[[Chemical and physical properties of functional metabolites]] | ||
| + | <P> | ||
| + | <BR> | ||
| − | == | + | ==References== |
| + | <references/> | ||
| − | + | [[Category: MarBEF Wiki]] | |
| − | + | [[Category:Marine Biotechnology]] | |
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Latest revision as of 19:25, 10 September 2020
Contents
Sustainable exploitation of the marine environment, and bio-prospecting
A major challenge in the field of marine biotechnology is to develop an efficient procedure for the discovery of novel biomolecules in the marine environment. The high level of biodiversity of marine organisms makes them a prime target for bio-prospecting: a wide range of novel biomolecules are produced by these organisms, ranging from bioactive molecules and enzymes of interest for medicine to biopolymers with diverse industrial applications. Microbes are particularly under-sampled and have great potential, since a recent survey of proteins in the ocean has found thousands of new families with unknown functions.
There already exist some elements which can help to efficiently exploit this resource. These include marine stations with extensive biological expertise and sample-collection facilities and companies with the facility to develop novel biomolecules for industrial applications. An effort is required to bridge the gap between these elements and their potential industrial partners[1].
Secondary metabolites, chemical biodiversity and biodiversity
Biochemical studies on marine organisms are very important, not only for the discovery of new drugs and biological tools, but also for better comprehension of ecosystems and hence, better management of biodiversity. However, during the last twenty years, the study of the chemistry of natural products from biodiversity became dominated by the search for active molecules directed towards drug production. This has sometimes sidetracked the scientific investigation from solving crucial questions in areas such as:
- examination of the interactions between species
- chemical indications of environmental variation
- understanding biodiversity at the molecular scale
- comprehending the molecular reactivity and its impact on biological functions.
The challenge for the next ten years will be to explore how model organisms, including microbes, vary their production of metabolites in interaction with the environment and as a response to environmental changes (climatic, pollution, exceptional phenomena).
To achieve this goal, it will be necessary to study the role of the bioactive molecules within communities, their roles in competition for space and resources, and their role in defence against predators and pathogens. This will promote parallel studies in taxonomy, phylogeny, phylogeography and chemistry and clarify the link between biodiversity and chemodiversity[1].
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Heip, C., Hummel, H., van Avesaath, P., Appeltans, W., Arvanitidis, C., Aspden, R., Austen, M., Boero, F., Bouma, TJ., Boxshall, G., Buchholz, F., Crowe, T., Delaney, A., Deprez, T., Emblow, C., Feral, JP., Gasol, JM., Gooday, A., Harder, J., Ianora, A., Kraberg, A., Mackenzie, B., Ojaveer, H., Paterson, D., Rumohr, H., Schiedek, D., Sokolowski, A., Somerfield, P., Sousa Pinto, I., Vincx, M., Węsławski, JM., Nash, R. (2009). Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Printbase, Dublin, Ireland ISSN 2009-2539
