Difference between revisions of "Endosulfan"

From Coastal Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(→‎See also)
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
===  ===
+
{{tocright}}
−
{{Definition|title=endosulphan
+
{{Definition|title=endosulfan
  
−
|definition= Endosulphan is a synthetic pesticide which belongs to the group of [[organochlorine compounds]] with a sulfite group. <ref name = OECD>[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00149_Background%20document%20on%20Endosulphan.pdf OECD OSPAR Commission, 2004: OSPAR background document on endosulphan]</ref>}}
+
|definition= Endosulfan is a synthetic [[pesticide]] which belongs to the group of [[organochlorine compounds]] with a sulfite group<ref name = OECD>[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00149_Background%20document%20on%20Endosulphan.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2004: OSPAR background document on endosulfan]</ref>. }}
  
 
== Notes ==
 
== Notes ==
Line 8: Line 8:
  
 
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
 
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
−
! bgcolor="#FF8888" | Dicofol
+
! bgcolor="#FF8888" | Endosulfan
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Image:dicofol.png|200px|dicofol]]  
+
| align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Image:endosulphan.jpg|200px|endosulphan]]  
 
|-
 
|-
 
! bgcolor="#8888FF" | Formula  
 
! bgcolor="#8888FF" | Formula  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align="center" | C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>9</sub>Cl<sub>5</sub>O   
+
| align="center" | C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub>S  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Endosulphan is used as a insecticide on a wide variety of insects and mites, predominantly in temperate, subtropic
+
Endosulfan is used as a insecticide on a wide variety of insects and mites, predominantly in temperate, subtropic
 
and tropic climatic zones. In Europe it has been used for more than 40 years. Currently it is used at 340 tonnes per year, mainly in Spain but also in Belgium, France, Portugal and Switzerland.  
 
and tropic climatic zones. In Europe it has been used for more than 40 years. Currently it is used at 340 tonnes per year, mainly in Spain but also in Belgium, France, Portugal and Switzerland.  
−
Endosuphan enters rivers by run-of from treated areas. The rivers transport it to the sea. It can also enter the ocean though atmospheric transport.  
+
Endosulfan enters rivers by run-off from treated areas. The rivers transport it to the sea. It can also enter the ocean through atmospheric transport<ref name = OECD>[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00149_Background%20document%20on%20Endosulphan.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2004: OSPAR background document on endosulphan]</ref>.  
  
−
Endosulphan is moderately persistent in water. It's main metabolites is endosulphan sulphate which is more stable and equally toxic. In the soil endosulphan and endosulphan sulphate are highly persistent substances. It takes 120 days to half the concentration of endosulphan sulphate in the soil.  
+
Endosulfan is moderately [[persistent]] in water. It's main metabolite is endosulfan sulfate which is more stable and equally [[toxic]]. In the soil endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate are highly persistent substances with a [[half-life]] for endosulphan sulphate of 120 days.  
−
Endosulphan is highly [[bioaccumulation|bioaccumulative]] and is expected to [[biomagnification|biomaginfy]].  
+
Endosulfan is highly [[bioaccumulation|bioaccumulative]] and is expected to [[biomagnification|biomagnify]].  
−
At constant exposure and very toxic to all organisms. Concentrations below 1mg/l are toxic for all marine organisms, while concentrations of only 0,04 µg/l are already toxic for crustaceans. In rats doses above 18 mg per kg body weight can prove lethal.   
+
At constant exposure it is very toxic to all organisms. Concentrations of 1 mg/l are toxic to all marine organisms, while concentrations of only 0,04 µg/l are already toxic for crustaceans. In rats doses above 18 mg per kg body weight can prove lethal.   
−
Endosulphan and endosulphan sulphate are potentially [[endocrine disrupting compounds]]: in vivo tests with fish show that endosulphan induces changes on ovaries, developmental changes and has an impact on their behavior.
+
Endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate are potentially [[endocrine disrupting compounds]]: in vivo tests with [[pollution and pelagic fishes|fish]] show that endosulphan induces changes on ovaries, developmental changes and has an impact on their behaviour.
  
−
Endosulphan concentrations of 0,06 μg/l have been found in water and of 81,6 μg/kg in the sediment. These are concentrations which can cause harm to organisms.
+
Endosulfan concentrations of 0,06 μg/l have been found in water and of 81,6 μg/kg in the sediment. These are levels which can cause harm to organisms<ref name = OECD>[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00149_Background%20document%20on%20Endosulphan.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2004: OSPAR background document on endosulfan]</ref>.
 +
<P>
 +
<BR>
 +
<P>
  
 
== Environmental standards and legislation ==
 
== Environmental standards and legislation ==
Line 47: Line 50:
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 +
{{author
 +
|AuthorID=19826
 +
|AuthorFullName=Daphnis De Pooter
 +
|AuthorName=Daphnisd}}
  
−
[[Category:Coastal and marine pollution]]
+
[[Category:Toxicity chemicals]]

Latest revision as of 13:13, 9 August 2020

Definition of endosulfan:
Endosulfan is a synthetic pesticide which belongs to the group of organochlorine compounds with a sulfite group[1].
This is the common definition for endosulfan, other definitions can be discussed in the article

Notes

Endosulfan
endosulphan
Formula
C9H6Cl6O3S

Endosulfan is used as a insecticide on a wide variety of insects and mites, predominantly in temperate, subtropic and tropic climatic zones. In Europe it has been used for more than 40 years. Currently it is used at 340 tonnes per year, mainly in Spain but also in Belgium, France, Portugal and Switzerland. Endosulfan enters rivers by run-off from treated areas. The rivers transport it to the sea. It can also enter the ocean through atmospheric transport[1].

Endosulfan is moderately persistent in water. It's main metabolite is endosulfan sulfate which is more stable and equally toxic. In the soil endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate are highly persistent substances with a half-life for endosulphan sulphate of 120 days. Endosulfan is highly bioaccumulative and is expected to biomagnify. At constant exposure it is very toxic to all organisms. Concentrations of 1 mg/l are toxic to all marine organisms, while concentrations of only 0,04 µg/l are already toxic for crustaceans. In rats doses above 18 mg per kg body weight can prove lethal. Endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate are potentially endocrine disrupting compounds: in vivo tests with fish show that endosulphan induces changes on ovaries, developmental changes and has an impact on their behaviour.

Endosulfan concentrations of 0,06 μg/l have been found in water and of 81,6 μg/kg in the sediment. These are levels which can cause harm to organisms[1].


Environmental standards and legislation

Included in the OSPAR list of substances of priority action

Included in the water framework list of priority substances


See also

OSPAR background document on endosulphan


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 OSPAR Commission, 2004: OSPAR background document on endosulfan Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "OECD" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "OECD" defined multiple times with different content
The main author of this article is Daphnis De Pooter
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
Citation: Daphnis De Pooter (2020): Endosulfan. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Endosulfan [accessed on 24-11-2024]
Retrieved from "https://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Endosulfan&oldid=77590"