Difference between revisions of "Tetrabromobisphenol A"

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{{Definition|title=tetrabromobisphenol–A
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{{Definition|title=tetrabromobisphenol–A(TBBP-A)
  
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|definition=Tetrabromobisphenol–A (TBBP-A) is a brominated organic compound. It's primary used as an intermediate in the production of [[flame retardants]] like [[PBDE|PBDEs]], but can also be used as a flame retardant itself. <ref name="Ospar">[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00202_BD%20on%20TBBPA.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2005: OSPAR background document on tetrabromobisphenol-A]</ref>
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|definition=Tetrabromobisphenol–A is a brominated organic compound. It's primary used as an intermediate in the production of [[flame retardant|flame retardants]] like [[PBDE|PBDEs]], but can also be used as a flame retardant itself<ref name="Ospar">[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00202_BD%20on%20TBBPA.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2005: OSPAR background document on tetrabromobisphenol-A]</ref>.
 
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== Notes ==
 
== Notes ==
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Tetrabromobisphenol-A is produced in the USA, Israel and Japan but not in the EU. Current production is estimated between 120.000 and 150.000 ton each year, of which approximately 40.000 ton is each year exported to the European Union.
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Tetrabromobisphenol-A is produced in the USA, Israel and Japan but not in the EU. Current production is estimated between 120.000 and 150.000 ton each year, of which approximately 40.000 ton is exported to the European Union.
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Tetrabromobisphenol-A is likely to reach the marine environment through industrial waste waters from land-based industrial activities. A small contribution may come from releases to the water from losses from products which contain the substance<ref name="Ospar">[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00202_BD%20on%20TBBPA.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2005: OSPAR background document on tetrabromobisphenol-A]</ref>.
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There is currently no information on levels of tetrabromobisphenol-A in marine waters, but there are
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measurements in [[estuary|estuarine]] sediments and in [[North Sea]] [[biota]]. Concentrations in the Scheldt estuary sediments range between 0,1 and 32 µg/kg [[wet weight]]. Concentrations in North Sea biota can reach up to 245 µg/kg wet weight in whiting fillet.
  
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Tetrabromobisphenol-A is likely to reach the marine environment largely through industrial waste waters
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Tetrabromobisphenol-A is considered to have a moderate tendency towards [[bioaccumulation]].
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from land-based industrial activities. A smaller contribution to releases to water comes from particulate
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It's is a very [[persistent]] substance. It's very difficult to be biodegraded in aerobic conditions, while it's still rather unknown whether it degrades in anaerobic conditions: it has been suggested that under anaerobic conditions TBBT-A may be biodegraded to [[bisphenol-A]]. <P>
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losses from products containing the substance over their lifetime. Emissions to air are smaller than those to
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TBBP-A is a [[toxic]] substance as concentrations above 2,6 µg/l might already cause problems at chronic exposure for marine invertebrates. Such concentrations might already impair the shell growth of a [[species]] of oysters. Fresh water invertebrates and fish have a higher tolerance, concentrations of 0,12 and 0,16 mg/l respectively are necessary to cause effects.
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water, and most such emissions are expected to be deposited close to the sources of emission. There are
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Present marine concentrations are considered to be of little risk to [[biota]], however concern is raised about the possible degradation to biphenol-A, of which low concentrations have been shown to affect the [[endocrine system]]<ref name="Ospar">[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00202_BD%20on%20TBBPA.pdf OSPAR Commission, 2005: OSPAR background document on tetrabromobisphenol-A]</ref>.
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however some indications of possible transport over longer distances, possible adsorbed to particulate
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<P>
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matter, which could lead to a contribution to the marine environment through this route.
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<BR>
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<P>
  
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No data are available on loads of tetrabromobisphenol-A entering the OSPAR Convention Waters and the
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== Environmental standards and legislation ==
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Greater North Sea.
 
  
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[[OSPAR List of priority substances|Included in the OSPAR list of substances of priority action]]
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<P>
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<BR>
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<P>
  
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There are no available measured levels of tetrabromobisphenol-A in marine waters, but there are
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== See also ==
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measurements in estuarine sediments, as well as in freshwaters, freshwater sediments and waste waters. A
 
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summary of these data2 is included in Tables 2 to 4.
 
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The available data on the levels of tetrabromobisphenol-A in aquatic biota are summarised in Table 5.
 
  
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[http://www.vliz.be/projects/endis/EDnorth.php?showchemprop=true&showeffects=true&chemeffects=true&chemid=656 Tetrabromobisphenol-A on ED North Database]
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<P>
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[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications%5Cp00202_BD%20on%20TBBPA.pdf OSPAR background document on Tetrabromobisphenol-A ]
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<P>
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<BR>
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<P>
  
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==References==
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<references/>
  
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Tetrabromobisphenol-A is not considered to fully meet the PBT criteria as its liability to biaccumulate is
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{{author
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below the threshold set by OSPAR. It is, however, persistent and toxic.
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|AuthorID=19826
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The potential for
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|AuthorFullName=Daphnis De Pooter
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tetrabromobisphenol-A to degrade under anaerobic conditions to form bisphenol-A is also still being
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|AuthorName=Daphnisd}}
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investigated within the ESR process. Tetrabromobisphenol has been detected in freshwater, freshwater
 
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sediments and estuarine sediments but there are no available measured levels in marine waters. It has
 
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been detected in marine biota
 
  
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Tetrabromobisphenol-A is very toxic to aquatic organisms, it does not degrade readily in the environment
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[[Category:Toxicity chemicals]]
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and shows a high accumulation in fish (BCF>100). The detailed properties of tetrabromobisphenol-A,
 
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including numerical values for toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation are set out in the fact sheet at
 
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Appendix 2. This fact sheet includes the more recent values which have come to light in the RAR. TBBPA
 
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has demonstrated no endocrine disrupting effects in any of the tests available.
 

Latest revision as of 13:36, 9 August 2020

Definition of tetrabromobisphenol–A(TBBP-A):
Tetrabromobisphenol–A is a brominated organic compound. It's primary used as an intermediate in the production of flame retardants like PBDEs, but can also be used as a flame retardant itself[1].
This is the common definition for tetrabromobisphenol–A(TBBP-A), other definitions can be discussed in the article

Notes

tetrabromobisphenol–A
TBBP-A.jpg
Formula
C15H12Br4O2

Tetrabromobisphenol-A is produced in the USA, Israel and Japan but not in the EU. Current production is estimated between 120.000 and 150.000 ton each year, of which approximately 40.000 ton is exported to the European Union.

Tetrabromobisphenol-A is likely to reach the marine environment through industrial waste waters from land-based industrial activities. A small contribution may come from releases to the water from losses from products which contain the substance[1].

There is currently no information on levels of tetrabromobisphenol-A in marine waters, but there are measurements in estuarine sediments and in North Sea biota. Concentrations in the Scheldt estuary sediments range between 0,1 and 32 µg/kg wet weight. Concentrations in North Sea biota can reach up to 245 µg/kg wet weight in whiting fillet.

Tetrabromobisphenol-A is considered to have a moderate tendency towards bioaccumulation.

It's is a very persistent substance. It's very difficult to be biodegraded in aerobic conditions, while it's still rather unknown whether it degrades in anaerobic conditions: it has been suggested that under anaerobic conditions TBBT-A may be biodegraded to bisphenol-A.

TBBP-A is a toxic substance as concentrations above 2,6 µg/l might already cause problems at chronic exposure for marine invertebrates. Such concentrations might already impair the shell growth of a species of oysters. Fresh water invertebrates and fish have a higher tolerance, concentrations of 0,12 and 0,16 mg/l respectively are necessary to cause effects. Present marine concentrations are considered to be of little risk to biota, however concern is raised about the possible degradation to biphenol-A, of which low concentrations have been shown to affect the endocrine system[1].


Environmental standards and legislation

Included in the OSPAR list of substances of priority action


See also

Tetrabromobisphenol-A on ED North Database

OSPAR background document on Tetrabromobisphenol-A


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 OSPAR Commission, 2005: OSPAR background document on tetrabromobisphenol-A
The main author of this article is Daphnis De Pooter
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
Citation: Daphnis De Pooter (2020): Tetrabromobisphenol A. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Tetrabromobisphenol_A [accessed on 24-11-2024]
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