Difference between revisions of "Guidelines for selection of sediment transport samplers"

From Coastal Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 6: Line 6:
 
#'''type of process/parameters to be measured:'''
 
#'''type of process/parameters to be measured:'''
 
#* bed material;  
 
#* bed material;  
−
#* bed load;  
+
#* [[bed load]];  
−
#*suspended load;  
+
#* [[suspended load]];  
 
#*particle size of bed material and suspended sediments;
 
#*particle size of bed material and suspended sediments;
 
#*particle size of flocculated suspended sediments;
 
#*particle size of flocculated suspended sediments;
Line 13: Line 13:
 
#'''type of sampling environment:'''  
 
#'''type of sampling environment:'''  
 
#*rivers, estuaries, coastal seas;
 
#*rivers, estuaries, coastal seas;
−
#*sediments involved: mud, silt, sand, gravel, mixtures; flocculated materials;
+
#*sediments involved: mud, [[silt]], sand, gravel, mixtures; flocculated materials;
 
#*depth range and velocity range involved;
 
#*depth range and velocity range involved;
 
#'''type of sampling:'''
 
#'''type of sampling:'''
Line 29: Line 29:
  
 
==Selection of sampling instrument==
 
==Selection of sampling instrument==
−
To select the most appropriate sampling instrument, quantitative information of the physical parameters to be measured should be available prior to the actual field survey. It is important to have information of the various transport modes at the sampling site such as the (relative) value of the wash and bed material load, the [[bed load]] and the [[suspended load]] transport rates, the sediment concentrations (low or high) and the particle size ranges of the suspended sediments (clay, silt, sand; flocculated sediments) involved.  To get this information, existing data sets should be analysed or a reconnaissance study should be carried out.
+
To select the most appropriate sampling instrument, quantitative information of the physical parameters to be measured should be available prior to the actual field survey. It is important to have information of the various transport modes at the sampling site such as the (relative) value of the wash and bed material load, the [[bed load]] and the [[suspended load]] transport rates, the sediment concentrations (low or high) and the particle size ranges of the suspended sediments ([[clay]], [[silt]], sand; flocculated sediments) involved.  To get this information, existing data sets should be analysed or a reconnaissance study should be carried out.
  
 
Most measurements in rivers and estuaries are based on on-line data sampling using instruments attached to a survey ship (through cable-winch system). Stand-alone measurements using a package of electronic instruments attached to a frame, tripod or other structure placed on the bed or in the flow are conducted when survey ships cannot be used due to the presence of surface waves (coastal environments) or when long-term measurements (weeks to months) are required. The instruments usually are operated in burst mode, which means that measurements of limited duration are taken at regular intervals in time (15 minutes per hour) to reduce on data storage.  
 
Most measurements in rivers and estuaries are based on on-line data sampling using instruments attached to a survey ship (through cable-winch system). Stand-alone measurements using a package of electronic instruments attached to a frame, tripod or other structure placed on the bed or in the flow are conducted when survey ships cannot be used due to the presence of surface waves (coastal environments) or when long-term measurements (weeks to months) are required. The instruments usually are operated in burst mode, which means that measurements of limited duration are taken at regular intervals in time (15 minutes per hour) to reduce on data storage.  
  
 
Examples of instrumented stand-alone measuring facilities are:  
 
Examples of instrumented stand-alone measuring facilities are:  
−
*'''HSM tripod of University of Utrecht;'''
+
*HSM tripod of University of Utrecht;
−
*'''AMF tripod of Rijkswaterstaat;'''   
+
*AMF tripod of Rijkswaterstaat;  
−
*'''STABLE tripod of Proudmann Oceanographic Laboratory POL.'''
+
*STABLE tripod of Proudmann Oceanographic Laboratory POL.
  
 
The availability of these advanced facilities with electronic equipment greatly improves data quality and data density over the traditional mechanical equipment, and long-term costs will be reduced, as there is no longer need for intensive sample processing and analysis in the laboratory.
 
The availability of these advanced facilities with electronic equipment greatly improves data quality and data density over the traditional mechanical equipment, and long-term costs will be reduced, as there is no longer need for intensive sample processing and analysis in the laboratory.
Line 62: Line 62:
 
* [[Measuring instruments for rivers]]
 
* [[Measuring instruments for rivers]]
 
* [[Instrument Characteristics of point-integrating suspended load samplers]]
 
* [[Instrument Characteristics of point-integrating suspended load samplers]]
−
 
+
* [[Sand transport]]
−
===External links===
+
* [[Sediment transport formulas for the coastal environment]]
−
* PDF of section 5.3 of the manual: [http://www.wldelft.nl/rnd/intro/fields/morphology/pdf/H5-3_Selection_of_sediment_transport_samplers.pdf]
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
Line 79: Line 78:
 
|AuthorName=Robertihans}}
 
|AuthorName=Robertihans}}
  
−
[[Category:Theme 9]]
+
[[Category:Coastal and marine observation and monitoring]]
−
[[Category:Techniques and methods in coastal management]]
+
[[Category:Observation of physical parameters]]
−
[[Category:Manual sediment transport measurements]]
 

Latest revision as of 13:38, 19 August 2020

This article is a summary of sub-section 5.3.1 of the Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas [1]. This article describes how to select an appropriate measuring instruments for measurements in rivers, estuaries or coasts.

Criteria to be used

The selection of the most appropriate sampling technique should be based on a number of criteria, as follows:

  1. type of process/parameters to be measured:
    • bed material;
    • bed load;
    • suspended load;
    • particle size of bed material and suspended sediments;
    • particle size of flocculated suspended sediments;
    • fall velocity of sediments;
  2. type of sampling environment:
    • rivers, estuaries, coastal seas;
    • sediments involved: mud, silt, sand, gravel, mixtures; flocculated materials;
    • depth range and velocity range involved;
  3. type of sampling:
    • on-line measurements (short term);
    • stand-alone measurements (long-term) attached to frames, tripods or structures,
    • point measurements using sensors in one point;
    • profiling (or depth-integrated) measurements traversing the flow depth;
  4. type of project and required accuracy:
    • reconnaissance study;
    • process study;
    • studies focusing on high spatial and time resolution (dredging and dumping plumes);
    • input for mathematical modelling (boundary conditions) for design purposes;
    • data for verification of models;
  5. available instruments and available budget.

Selection of sampling instrument

To select the most appropriate sampling instrument, quantitative information of the physical parameters to be measured should be available prior to the actual field survey. It is important to have information of the various transport modes at the sampling site such as the (relative) value of the wash and bed material load, the bed load and the suspended load transport rates, the sediment concentrations (low or high) and the particle size ranges of the suspended sediments (clay, silt, sand; flocculated sediments) involved. To get this information, existing data sets should be analysed or a reconnaissance study should be carried out.

Most measurements in rivers and estuaries are based on on-line data sampling using instruments attached to a survey ship (through cable-winch system). Stand-alone measurements using a package of electronic instruments attached to a frame, tripod or other structure placed on the bed or in the flow are conducted when survey ships cannot be used due to the presence of surface waves (coastal environments) or when long-term measurements (weeks to months) are required. The instruments usually are operated in burst mode, which means that measurements of limited duration are taken at regular intervals in time (15 minutes per hour) to reduce on data storage.

Examples of instrumented stand-alone measuring facilities are:

  • HSM tripod of University of Utrecht;
  • AMF tripod of Rijkswaterstaat;
  • STABLE tripod of Proudmann Oceanographic Laboratory POL.

The availability of these advanced facilities with electronic equipment greatly improves data quality and data density over the traditional mechanical equipment, and long-term costs will be reduced, as there is no longer need for intensive sample processing and analysis in the laboratory. Another important criterion is the purpose of the study and the accuracy required. For example, the predicted deposition volumes of a planned harbour approach channel should be rather accurate when the maintenance dredging costs of the channel are critical with respect to the economic feasibility of the project. In that case the most accurate instruments and the most sophisticated facilities should be used. Although these type of measurements are expensive, the overall costs of field surveys are only a fraction of the total project costs. When research (process) studies are performed, it is often required to measure the time-series of the fluctuating parameters so that the turbulent fluxes can be determined. For engineering studies it is usually sufficient to measure the time-averaged velocities and sediment concentrations. Simple instruments such as the bottle and trap samplers can then be used, although the analysis costs of the many samples involved are relatively high.

See also

Summaries of the manual

Other internal links

References

  1. ↑ Rijn, L. C. van (1986). Manual sediment transport measurements. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft Hydraulics Laboratory
The main author of this article is Rijn, Leo van
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
Citation: Rijn, Leo van (2020): Guidelines for selection of sediment transport samplers. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Guidelines_for_selection_of_sediment_transport_samplers [accessed on 21-11-2024]


The main author of this article is Roberti, Hans
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
Citation: Roberti, Hans (2020): Guidelines for selection of sediment transport samplers. Available from http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Guidelines_for_selection_of_sediment_transport_samplers [accessed on 21-11-2024]
Retrieved from "https://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Guidelines_for_selection_of_sediment_transport_samplers&oldid=77674"