Difference between revisions of "Isoproturon"
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{{Definition|title=isoproturon | {{Definition|title=isoproturon | ||
| − | |definition=Isoproturon is a selective, systemic herbicide used in the control of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in cereals | + | |definition=Isoproturon is a selective, systemic herbicide used in the control of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in cereals<ref>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturonsum.pdf WHO 2003 chemical fact sheet]</ref>. Pure isoproturon occurs as colourless crystals which melt at 158°C. It's slightly soluble in water and polar organic solvents<ref name = ea>[http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/39121.aspx www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009]</ref>.}} |
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
| − | Isoproturon | + | {| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;" |
| − | + | ! bgcolor="#FF8888" | Isoproturon | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Image:isoproturon.png|75px|isoproturon ]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! bgcolor="#8888FF" | Formula | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | align="center" | C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>18</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | Isoproturon mainly enters the environment during its application as an agricultural herbicide, but releases may also occur during manufacture, transportation and storage<ref name = ea>[http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/39121.aspx www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009]</ref>. | |
| + | Isoproturon has a low tendency to [[adsorption|adsorb]] to soils and is therefore quite able to enter in water bodies despite its rather low water solubility (70,2 mg/l). Its [[half-life]] in water is 30 days, in soils 40 days<ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref>. | ||
| − | + | Due to its low affinity for organic matter it is not expected to have a high tendency towards [[bioaccumulation]] or [[biomagnification]]. Significant bioaccumulation might however occur in certain [[species]]<ref>[http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13698291 MERLIN Gerard, VUILLOD Maryline, LISSOLO Thierry, CLEMENT Bernard 2002 Fate and bioaccumulation of isoproturon in outdoor aquatic microcosms; Environmental toxicology and chemistry] </ref>. | |
| − | <ref | ||
| − | In fresh water concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded | + | Isoproturon is shown to be very [[toxic]] for algae and oysters which experience acute toxicity at concentrations above 13 µg/l and 370 µg/l respectively. Long term exposure to concentrations above 1 mg/l might affect the growth of fishes, acute toxicity occurs at concentrations above 18 mg/l<ref name="EU">[http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/existactive/list1-41_en.pdf Review report for the active substance isoproturon, adopted December 7 2001]</ref>. |
| + | |||
| + | In fresh water, concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded<ref name = back>[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/isoproturon.pdf WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality]</ref>. | ||
| + | <P> | ||
| + | <BR> | ||
| + | <P> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Environmental standards and legislation == | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[List of priority substances|Included in the water framework list of priority substances]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
| + | {{author | ||
| + | |AuthorID=19826 | ||
| + | |AuthorFullName=Daphnis De Pooter | ||
| + | |AuthorName=Daphnisd}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Toxicity chemicals]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:19, 9 August 2020
Definition of isoproturon:
Isoproturon is a selective, systemic herbicide used in the control of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in cereals[1]. Pure isoproturon occurs as colourless crystals which melt at 158°C. It's slightly soluble in water and polar organic solvents[2].
This is the common definition for isoproturon, other definitions can be discussed in the article
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Notes
| Isoproturon |
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| Formula |
| C12H18N2O |
Isoproturon mainly enters the environment during its application as an agricultural herbicide, but releases may also occur during manufacture, transportation and storage[2]. Isoproturon has a low tendency to adsorb to soils and is therefore quite able to enter in water bodies despite its rather low water solubility (70,2 mg/l). Its half-life in water is 30 days, in soils 40 days[3].
Due to its low affinity for organic matter it is not expected to have a high tendency towards bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Significant bioaccumulation might however occur in certain species[4].
Isoproturon is shown to be very toxic for algae and oysters which experience acute toxicity at concentrations above 13 µg/l and 370 µg/l respectively. Long term exposure to concentrations above 1 mg/l might affect the growth of fishes, acute toxicity occurs at concentrations above 18 mg/l[5].
In fresh water, concentrations of 0,125 µg/l have been recorded[3].
Environmental standards and legislation
Included in the water framework list of priority substances
References
- ↑ WHO 2003 chemical fact sheet
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 www.environment-agency.gov.uk August 18 2009
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 WHO 2003 Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality
- ↑ MERLIN Gerard, VUILLOD Maryline, LISSOLO Thierry, CLEMENT Bernard 2002 Fate and bioaccumulation of isoproturon in outdoor aquatic microcosms; Environmental toxicology and chemistry
- ↑ Review report for the active substance isoproturon, adopted December 7 2001
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
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