Difference between revisions of "Copper"
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Definition|title= copper | Definition|title= copper | ||
| − | |definition=Copper is a [[heavy metals|heavy metal]] with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29 | + | |definition=Copper is a [[heavy metals|heavy metal]] with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper www.wikipedia.org July 31 2009]</ref>. It is very ductile and malleable<ref>https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/gemet-environmental-thesaurus/copper</ref>. }} |
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The bucktail creek- turquoise color is copper precipitate on rocks © Iadanza, NOAA, 1996 | The bucktail creek- turquoise color is copper precipitate on rocks © Iadanza, NOAA, 1996 | ||
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| − | Important anthropogenic inputs of copper into the ocean include urban sewage sludge dumping, runoff from copper mines | + | Important [[anthropogenic]] inputs of copper into the ocean include urban sewage sludge dumping, runoff from copper mines and [[antifouling paints]] <ref name = ken>Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref>. |
| − | Copper is an essential element for animals, especially decapods, [[gastropod|gastropods]] and cephalopods need copper in | + | Copper is an essential element for animals, especially decapods, [[gastropod|gastropods]] and cephalopods need copper in their respiratory pigment hemocyanin. Hemocyanin is a protein which (like hemoglobin) binds oxygen to transport it to the tissues. |
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| + | Copper is however also one of the most [[toxic]] metals to a wide spectrum of marine life <ref name="pol">Clark, R,B., 1999. Marine pollution. Oxford University press, Fourth edition, pp 161</ref>. Copper concentrations between 1 and 10 µg/l can seriously affect a large number of marine organisms. These concentrations have lethal effects on scallops, clams and isopods, while other [[species]] are protected by copper binding [[metallothionein|metallothioneins]] <ref name = ken>Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp</ref>. | ||
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| + | Oysters appear to [[bioaccumulation|accumulate]] large amounts of copper in their leucocytes (a type of blood cel), where they do little harm. Copper, like most other metals, doesn't show [[biomagnification|biomagnifying]] characteristics. | ||
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== Case studies == | == Case studies == | ||
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[[Effects of heavy metals on the sperm quality and the larvae survival of sea urchins]]<P> | [[Effects of heavy metals on the sperm quality and the larvae survival of sea urchins]]<P> | ||
[[Heavy metals in various Belgian benthic invertebrates]] | [[Heavy metals in various Belgian benthic invertebrates]] | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
[http://www.vliz.be/projects/endis/EDnorth.php?showchemprop=true&showeffects=true&chemeffects=true&chemid=524 Copper on the ED North Database] | [http://www.vliz.be/projects/endis/EDnorth.php?showchemprop=true&showeffects=true&chemeffects=true&chemid=524 Copper on the ED North Database] | ||
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| + | [http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/ecotox/ecotox.php?action=DispChem&ChemID=170 Copper(I)chloride on the Ecotox Database] | ||
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| + | [http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/ecotox/ecotox.php?action=DispChem&ChemID=171 Copper(II)oxide on the Ecotox Database] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| + | {{author | ||
| + | |AuthorID=19826 | ||
| + | |AuthorFullName=Daphnis De Pooter | ||
| + | |AuthorName=Daphnisd}} | ||
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| + | [[Category:Toxicity chemicals]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:06, 9 August 2020
Contents |
Definition of copper:
Copper is a heavy metal with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29[1]. It is very ductile and malleable[2].
This is the common definition for copper, other definitions can be discussed in the article
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Notes
Important anthropogenic inputs of copper into the ocean include urban sewage sludge dumping, runoff from copper mines and antifouling paints [3]. Copper is an essential element for animals, especially decapods, gastropods and cephalopods need copper in their respiratory pigment hemocyanin. Hemocyanin is a protein which (like hemoglobin) binds oxygen to transport it to the tissues.
Copper is however also one of the most toxic metals to a wide spectrum of marine life [4]. Copper concentrations between 1 and 10 µg/l can seriously affect a large number of marine organisms. These concentrations have lethal effects on scallops, clams and isopods, while other species are protected by copper binding metallothioneins [3].
Oysters appear to accumulate large amounts of copper in their leucocytes (a type of blood cel), where they do little harm. Copper, like most other metals, doesn't show biomagnifying characteristics.
Case studies
The relation between pollutants and disease in guillemotsHeavy metal content of mussels in the Western Scheldt estuary
Effects of copper-based antifouling paints on brine shrimp
Effects of heavy metals on the sperm quality and the larvae survival of sea urchins
Heavy metals in various Belgian benthic invertebrates
See also
Copper on the ED North Database
Copper(I)chloride on the Ecotox Database
Copper(II)oxide on the Ecotox Database
References
- ↑ www.wikipedia.org July 31 2009
- ↑ https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/gemet-environmental-thesaurus/copper
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kennish, M. J. (1996): Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, CRC Press 524 pp
- ↑ Clark, R,B., 1999. Marine pollution. Oxford University press, Fourth edition, pp 161
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
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