Difference between revisions of "Tester"

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Revision as of 08:15, 25 September 2014





 DefinitionURL"URL" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent URI/URL values.Modification date"Modification date" is a predefined property that corresponds to the date of the last modification of a subject and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.
AbsentSpecies that were reported at some time to be present but were not recorded subsequently are reported to be ‘Absent’.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Absent6 May 2015 11:25:24
AbundanceAbundance and population trends of species populations have been recorded where this information was available.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abundance6 May 2015 12:07:34
AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammalsCommon in OSPAR Regions II, III, IVhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AbundanceAndDistributionOfMarineMammals5 December 2019 10:57:20
AbyssobenthicOccupying the ocean floor from ca 4000 - 6000 m depth. Usually a more or less flat plain (Lincoln et al., 1998).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abyssobenthic28 May 2015 14:13:11
AbyssopelagicOverlays the plains of the major ocean basins with a lower boundary of ca 6000 m.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Abyssopelagic29 May 2015 15:24:39
AccessoryFeedingStructuresOther structures such as palps, tentacles or a radiolar crown ("grooved palps"). There are forms of single pair of grooved palps nearly always attached dorsally or near the junction of the prostomium and peristomium, or multiple grooved palps sometimes forming a crown. Dorso lateral ciliated folds in the roof of the buccal cavity may be present in some polychaetes.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AccessoryFeedingStructures28 May 2015 11:45:52
AccretionAn organism that constructs reefs or raised beds of accreted materials, e.g. bound sand in Sabellaria spp.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Accretion14 May 2015 16:31:09
ActinulaCrawling larval stage of some hydoids (amend)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Actinula30 June 2015 09:36:37
AdultThe reproductively capable (mature), fully formed, usually longest lived, stage of an animals life cycle.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Adult1 July 2015 09:49:35
AdultBodyAttached or stuck to adult but not held in specialised appendage / receptaclehttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultBody3 June 2015 11:09:11
AdultBurrowEggs are placed or retained within the parents burrowhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultBurrow3 June 2015 11:07:44
AdultDiapausehttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AdultDiapause6 May 2015 10:33:00
Adverse habitat modificationWhere the species physically alters the nature of the strata/habitat.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Adverse habitat modification6 May 2015 11:26:11
AerialDippinghttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AerialDipping15 July 2015 15:46:43
AerialHawkinghttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AerialHawking15 July 2015 15:50:21
AgeAtMaturityAge recorded in days, months, years.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AgeAtMaturity3 June 2015 10:58:08
AggregationsAn organism that constructs reefs and raised beds due to aggregation of large numbers of individuals via permanent or semi-permanent attachment e.g. mussels, oysters and Crepidula beds.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aggregations14 May 2015 16:32:11
AlgalGravelConstructs deep beds of calcareous algal nodules, e.g. maerl bedshttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlgalGravel14 May 2015 16:27:34
AlienSpecies introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alien15 September 2015 14:55:39
AlphaHaline36-40 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaHaline1 June 2015 11:16:34
AlphaMesohaline10-<18 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaMesohaline1 June 2015 11:06:44
AlphaOligohaline3-<5 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaOligohaline1 June 2015 11:10:09
AlphaPolyhaline25-<30 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlphaPolyhaline1 June 2015 11:13:00
AlternationOfGenerationsThe alternation of generations, in the life cycle of an organism, that exhibit different modes of reproduction; typically sexual (diploid) and asexual (haploid) phases. Also termed metagenesis (Lincoln et al., 1998) (e.g. Daphnia, some rotifers)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AlternationOfGenerations27 July 2015 13:56:14
Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cyclesWhere the species alters the nature of chemical or water cycles.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alters bio-geochemical/hydrologic cycles6 May 2015 11:26:46
Alters trophic interactionsWhere the species alters food web dynamics.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Alters trophic interactions6 May 2015 11:27:40
AmbusherSedentary or sessile predators, that wait for prey to come to them, and may or may not use a final pounce, traps or lures (e.g. sea anemones, large hydroids, spiders)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Ambusher28 May 2015 09:54:50
AmorphousCaCO3calcium carbonate that lacks a crystalline structure, or whose internal is so irregular that there is no characteristic external form. The term does not preclude the existence of any degree of order (Derived from Neuendorf et al. 2005)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AmorphousCaCO323 February 2017 14:03:46
AmphiblastulaA poriferan larva, composed of a hollow ball of cells, with one hemisphere ciliated (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Amphiblastula30 June 2015 09:39:28
AnchialineCavesCoastal salt water habitats with no surface connection to the sea.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnchialineCaves8 July 2015 09:13:39
AnchorShapedE.g. Ceratium spp.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnchorShaped14 May 2015 10:32:44
AnisogamousHaving flagellate gametes of different size, shape or behaviour (from Bold, 1977 and Lincoln et al., 1998).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Anisogamous3 June 2015 09:44:08
AnnualEpisodicBreeds every year but in one or more discrete periods initiated by some trigger (for example a lunar cycle).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnnualEpisodic3 June 2015 10:43:05
AnnualProtractedBreeds every year over an extended or drawn out period.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AnnualProtracted3 June 2015 10:43:30
ApomicticParthenogenesisReproduction via single cells /eggs that are derived by mitosis (Barnes et al., 1993) - amictic.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ApomicticParthenogenesis17 July 2015 13:41:07
AppendagesPaddlesSwimming is effected one or more pairs of appendages (legs or paddles) e.g. the pleiopods of Isopod, Amphipod or Decapod crustaceans, or the legs of amphibious vertebrates.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AppendagesPaddles29 July 2015 12:09:07
Aquaculture: accidentalAlien and potentially invasive species that have accidentally escaped from containment/ aquaculture facility into the wild.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquaculture: accidental6 May 2015 11:28:28
Aquaculture: deliberateAlien and potentially invasive species that have been intentionally introduced for aquaculture.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquaculture: deliberate6 May 2015 12:02:20
Aquatic transportWhere the species alters boat traffic or impedes ability of boats to navigate waterways.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aquatic transport6 May 2015 11:28:50
Aragonitea crystalline form of calcium carbonate, e.g. one of the constituents of mollusc shells.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Aragonite23 January 2017 12:27:43
ArborescentArbuscularHaving the shape or characteristics of a tree.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ArborescentArbuscular7 November 2014 16:52:20
AristolesLanternSpecialist - sea urchinshttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AristolesLantern28 May 2015 10:25:26
ArmsAppendagesTraits that describe specialized limbs or appendages used to catch or process food items.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:ArmsAppendages28 May 2015 10:30:14
ArrhenotokyHaploid males develop from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs (adapted from Lincoln 'et al., 1998).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Arrhenotoky3 June 2015 09:02:12
ArticulateJointed, arthrous (Holmes, 1979).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Articulate7 November 2014 17:21:49
ArtificialE.g. wood, metal or concrete structures.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Artificial6 May 2015 14:27:41
AscidianTadpoleA free-swimming tadpole-like larva of ascidians, characterized by a head (bearing internal organs and adhesive papilla) and tail (with notochord and neural tube) (Stachowitsch, 1992).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AscidianTadpole30 June 2015 09:43:37
AsexualReproductionReproduction not involving the exchange of genetic material, amictic, individuals derived form a single parent (Barnes et al., 2006); not involving the fusion of gametes (Lincoln et al., 1998)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AsexualReproduction2 June 2015 15:21:43
AttachedSedimentAttached to the sediment surface e.g. by mucilagenous sheath such as used by necklace shells, and opistobranchshttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AttachedSediment3 June 2015 11:10:01
AuriculariaFirst free-swimming larval stage of the Holothuroidea. It is characterized by a continuous and curving flagellated band (Stachowitsch, 1992).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Auricularia23 June 2015 11:29:40
AutomicticParthenogenesisObligate self-fertilization (Lincoln et al., 1998) in which haploid eggs /gametes are produced by meiosis but diploidy is restored without fertilization.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:AutomicticParthenogenesis3 June 2015 09:18:00
AutotrophSelf-feeding. An organism capable of synthesizing complex organic substances from simple inorganic substrates (Lincoln et al., 1998).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Autotroph29 July 2015 11:29:51
BallooningKitingUse of a length of silk to be carried by the wind (e.g. spiders)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BallooningKiting29 July 2015 11:46:51
BathybenthicOccupying the ocean floor from ca 200 - 4000 m depth (Lincoln et al., 1998).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bathybenthic28 May 2015 14:13:46
BathylpelagicExtends from ca 1000-2500 m.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bathylpelagic29 May 2015 15:28:15
Beake.g. birds / cephalopodshttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Beak7 November 2014 15:25:54
BedFormingAn organism that lives in large aggregations or beds (e.g. brittlestars, mussels, oysters, Crepidula etc, sea squirts)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BedForming14 May 2015 16:27:00
BedrockAny stable hard substratum, not separated into boulders or smaller sediment units. Includes soft rock-types such as chalk, peat and clay. (Hiscock et al., 1999; MarLIN)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bedrock1 June 2015 14:23:02
BenthicPertaining to the sea bed, river bed or lake floor (Lincoln et al., 1998).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Benthic8 July 2015 09:13:52
BenthopelagicA zone of open water extending ca 100 m above the surface of the sea bed at all depths below the edge of the continental shelf.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Benthopelagic6 May 2015 14:29:07
BetaHaline30-36 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaHaline1 June 2015 11:17:21
BetaMesohaline5-<10 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaMesohaline1 June 2015 11:08:05
BetaOligohaline0.5-<3 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaOligohaline1 June 2015 11:10:41
BetaPolyhaline18-<25 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BetaPolyhaline1 June 2015 11:13:49
BiannualBreeds less frequently than every two years.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biannual6 May 2015 08:12:42
BiannualEpisodicBreeds every second year but in one or more discrete periods initiated by some trigger (for example a lunar cycle).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiannualEpisodic3 June 2015 10:43:56
BiannualProtractedBreeds once every two years over an extended or drawn out period.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiannualProtracted3 June 2015 10:44:16
Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control releaseWhere an introduction of a bio-control agent results in an unintentional introduction of an invasive species (which is carried directly on the bio-control agent itself or along with habitat material associated with the bio-control agent).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bio-control: accidental translocation with deliberate bio-control release6 May 2015 11:29:12
Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agentWhere a species (i.e. a bio-control agent) introduced to control a pest, weed or invasive species becomes a problem itself.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bio-control: deliberate translocation as a bio-control agent6 May 2015 11:29:27
BiodiffusorOrganisms whose activities that cause constant and random local sediment biomixing over short distances resulting in transport of sediment particles, analogous to molecular or eddy diffusion (from Kristensen et al., 2012). Includes epifaunal biodiffusers e.g. fiddler crabs; surficial biodiffusers e.g. Echinocardium; and gallery biodiffusers e.g. Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biodiffusor28 May 2015 08:51:18
BiogenicHabitat features created by living thingshttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biogenic29 July 2015 11:56:51
BiogenicReefAn elevated structure on the seabed built by calcareous or other concretion-forming organisms, or by chemical precipitation (Hiscock, 1996); for example by Modiolus modiolus or Sabellaria alveolatahttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BiogenicReef2 June 2015 13:08:16
Biological Descriptorshttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Biological Descriptors4 May 2015 11:03:36
BipinnariaFirst of the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by a ciliary band and the presence of arm-like projections (Stachowitsch, 1992; Ruppert & Barnes, 1994).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bipinnaria15 December 2015 13:27:03
BirdsDirectiveEurope is home to more than 500 wild bird species. But at least 32 % of the EU's bird species are currently not in a good conservation status. The Birds Directive aims to protect all of the 500 wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirective5 December 2019 09:26:15
BirdsDirectiveAnnex1194 species and sub-species are particularly threatened. Member States must designate Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for their survival and all migratory bird species.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex15 December 2019 09:19:31
BirdsDirectiveAnnex282 bird species can be hunted. However, the hunting periods are limited and hunting is forbidden when birds are at their most vulnerable: during their return migration to nesting areas, reproduction and the raising of their chicks.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex25 December 2019 09:21:19
BirdsDirectiveAnnex3Overall, activities that directly threaten birds, such as their deliberate killing, capture or trade, or the destruction of their nests, are banned. With certain restrictions, Member States can allow some of these activities for 26 species listed here.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex35 December 2019 09:22:35
BirdsDirectiveAnnex4The directive provides for the sustainable management of hunting but Member States must outlaw all forms of non-selective and large scale killing of birds, especially the methods listed in this annex.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex45 December 2019 09:23:52
BirdsDirectiveAnnex5The directive promotes research to underpin the protection, management and use of all species of birds covered by the Directive, which are listed in this annex.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BirdsDirectiveAnnex55 December 2019 09:25:07
BitingMaceratingMouth parts designed to grasp and macerate food before swallowing (e.g. most vertebrates)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BitingMacerating28 May 2015 11:31:36
BitingPiercingMouth parts designed to pierce outside of food or prey and feed on internal fluids or tissueshttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BitingPiercing28 May 2015 11:30:38
BivalvedCharacteristically a shell of two calcareous valves joined by a flexible ligament.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bivalved7 November 2014 17:22:17
BivoltineTwo generations per year (Barnes et al., 2006).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bivoltine3 June 2015 10:45:55
BlindEndedVentilationOrganisms that live in 'I' or 'J' shaped burrows open at only one end where water is drawn through or diffuses out of the sediment e.g. Arenicola marina (adapted from Kristensen et al., 2012).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BlindEndedVentilation28 May 2015 09:04:02
BodyAccretionBuild up or accumulation of sediment.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyAccretion7 November 2014 17:22:58
BodyAlgalGravelMaerl; twig-like unattached (free-living) calcareous red algae, often a mixture of species and including species which form a spiky cover on loose small stones - 'hedgehog stones'.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyAlgalGravel14 May 2015 10:35:40
BodyFormTraits relating to the form, shape and structure of the specieshttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyForm29 July 2015 11:08:56
BodyShapeOverall shape of the individual or colony (modular forms)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodyShape29 July 2015 11:09:33
BodySizeA measurement of the size of the organism. Note - the measurement used to express body size varies within taxonomic groups. For example, some disciplines measure diameter, others carapace length, total body length or wing span. Also body size can vary with gender and life stage.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BodySize13 May 2015 12:02:06
BodylengthMaximum recorded linear body length (in millimetres) excluding appendages.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bodylength18 December 2019 13:23:16
Border InterceptSpecies that have been intercepted at borders as a result of detection procedures.http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Border Intercept6 May 2015 11:29:45
BrachioloariaThe second the two free-swimming larval forms in the asteroids, characterized by the appearance of three adhesive arms at the anterior end (Ruppert & Barnes, 1994; Stachowitsch, 1992).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brachioloaria15 December 2015 13:27:40
Brackishhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brackish6 May 2015 14:31:02
BrackishSalinity0.5-<30 psuhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BrackishSalinity1 June 2015 11:08:38
BroadcastBoth gametes are expelled (spawned) from the confines of the adult body or tissues, into the external fluid medium (water/air)http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Broadcast6 May 2015 08:41:17
BroodChamberEggs retained by adult, usually in specialised cavity/appendage where the eggs develop to larval or juvenile stagehttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BroodChamber3 June 2015 11:37:33
Broodinghttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Brooding5 February 2020 11:24:52
BroodingBehaviourhttp://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:BroodingBehaviour2 April 2020 13:19:45
BrowserFeeding on parts of plants (e.g. shoots, leaves, twigs) or parts of other organisms (e.g. siphon nipping by fish). (Lincoln et al., 1998).http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Browser29 July 2015 11:13:59
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