View source for GIFS Activity 2.3 Fishing activity past and present

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<span style="color:#003893; Font-size: 160%">'''Fishing activity past and present'''</span>

===<span style="color:#3a75c4; Font-size: 130%">'''<small>Introduction</small>'''</span>===

Coastal or inshore waters play a major role for vital processes in the life cycle of fishing resources: many hatcheries, nurseries, and spawning areas of fish and invertebrate species are located in coastal zones and estuaries. In this sense, the European Commission has repeatedly expressed its concerns for the protection of the coastal or inshore fisheries within the 12 miles zone, at regular intervals. The coastal zones of all fishing nations have played a role as stable and continuous provider of food, resources and employment. In times of war and crisis, the coastal waters were the main source of fishing resources. As an example, the small strip of coastal waters has provided > 20% of all landings over the last century in the Belgian sea fisheries, and even 50% of all pelagic species and >60% of all molluscs and crustaceans. On average >1000kg/ha was provided from the coastal waters, whereas the southern North Sea (the second most important fishing area for Belgian fleet) has provided 100kg/ha on average. The role and importance of coastal or inshore waters (+/- 12 nm) in the livelihoods and socio-cultural development of our coastal communities is simply undeniable.

The Regulation of the new Common Fisheries Policy ([http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:354:0022:0061:EN:PDF (EU) No 1380/2013]) entered into force in December 2013. The new CFP states that it should contribute '''to increased productivity and to a fair standard of living''' for the fisheries sector including small-scale fisheries. The CFP shall also '''promote coastal fishing activities''', taking into account socio-economic aspects. In view of the precarious economic state of the fishing industry and the dependence of certain coastal communities on fishing, it is necessary to ensure the relative stability of fishing activities by '''allocating fishing opportunities''' among Member States, based on a predictable share of the stocks for each Member State. 

Whereas the Green paper on the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (22.4.2009 – [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=139503 COM(2009) 163]) suggested arrangements for the small-scale segment by direct allocation of quotas/ effort/collective schemes, it also suggested that public funding could help the small-scale segment strengthen their economic viability and maintain their contribution to the life of coastal communities. The Green paper put forward the idea of differentiated management regimes as a way of introducing social objectives. SSF and large scale fisheries (LSF) differ enormously in their environmental, social and economic impacts, therefore the Green paper recommended one management regime for LSF with capacity adjustment and economic efficiency and one for SSF in coastal communities with a focus on social objectives. Specific decisions concerning small-scale fleets should be taken as close as possible to the coastal community. However in the new CFP this is not mentioned.

The restriction of fishing opportunities in the 12 nm zone, which reserves Member States’ inshore areas to their national fleets, have operated satisfactorily. Whereas the Green Paper  (22.4.2009 – [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=139503 COM(2009) 163]) questioned if this specific regime could be stepped up to a specific regime for small-scale fishing vessels in the 12 nm zone, the current CFP '''Regulation states that Member States should endeavour to give preferential access for small-scale, artisanal or coastal fishermen'''. 

There’s a need to document the importance of inshore/small-scale/coastal fisheries in a quantitative manner (“to measure is to know”) in order to be able to define those social objectives: not only now (what are the characteristics of inshore fisheries today in terms of employment, food resource, economic value compared to overall fisheries) but also in the past (what is the potential for the future?). Historical fisheries datasets are of key importance for studies on long-term changes in fisheries activities, fish stocks, fisheries communities,… Recovering the historical context of ﬁsheries is necessary e.g. to document the cultural heritage of our coastal societies and to tackle the issue of ‘shifting baselines’ in a marine ecology context for fishing. A historical perspective can shed light on fisheries-related socio-cultural, economical and ecological changes over time e.g. how did scale enlargement and intensification throughout the 20th century affect fisheries? It can provide the reference(s) for setting baselines and goals for sustainable management.

<div style="border:2px solid #003893;
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'''The definitions of IF as used in the GIFS project''' and in this report are: 
* '''United Kingdom''': Vessels under 10m, operating in coastal waters typically out to 6 nautical miles (nm), but can be up to 12 nautical miles (nm), and to which the inshore management regime applies; 
* '''France''': Petite pêche côtière is fishing practised by means of boats of which the LOA is <12m, not using towed gear and of which the time at sea/ time out of harbour does not exceed 24 hours; 
* '''Belgium''': All fishing vessels that have an engine power of 221 kW or less, including any additional power and a tonnage of no more than 70 GT, according to the "Official list of Belgian fishing vessels", as maintained by the Department of Maritime Transport of the Federal Public Service Mobility and Transport, and that undertake trips with a maximum period determined by the Minister (today being 48 hours) with start and end in a Belgian port; It is important to note that, although this IF is allowed to fish outside the 12 nm, for the larger fleet component it is explicitly prohibited to fish within the 12 nm, reserving the territorial sea for the coastal fleet.
* '''The Netherlands''': Fishing within the 12nm zone with ships <24m LOA and with a maximum capacity of 300 HP (=221 kW).

As definitions vary between GIFS partner regions and there is a need for comparisons across the GIFS data, a more general definition has been agreed for this purpose for Inshore Fisheries: '''Vessels operating within 12 miles of the coast'''. In this respect, a clear link with the spatial use of the marine waters is included in the definition. 
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===<span style="color:#3a75c4; Font-size: 130%">'''<small>Objectives</small>'''</span>===
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There have been ongoing initiatives to catalogue, quality control, permanently store and/or redistribute historical data of formal and centralized reports on sea ﬁsheries in the eligible area <ref>Engelhard, G.H. (2005). Catalogue of Defra historical catch and effort charts: six decades of detailed spatial statistics for British fisheries. Science Series Technical Report, 128. CEFAS: Lowestoft. 42 pp.</ref><ref>Lescrauwaet, A.-K.; Debergh, H.; Vincx, M.; Mees, J. (2010). Fishing in the past: Historical data on sea fisheries landings in Belgium Mar. Policy 34(6): 1279-1289. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2010.05.006</ref><ref>Lescrauwaet, A.-K.; Debergh, H.; Vincx, M.; Mees, J. (2010). Historical marine fisheries data for Belgium: Data sources, data management and data integration related to the reconstruction of historical time-series of marine fisheries landings for Belgium. Fisheries Centre Working Paper Series, 2010-08. University of British Columbia: Vancouver. 69 pp</ref><ref>[http://www.vliz.be/cijfers_beleid/zeevisserij/pub_bijdrage.php Collectie van publicaties en andere bronnen in het kader van het project “een eeuw zeevisserij in België”]</ref>. The main aim of this activity is to draw further on and broaden existing initiatives to provide a longer term perspective on the current and historical importance of inshore fisheries to coastal communities in the [http://www.interreg4a-2mers.eu/projects/approved-projects-database/en?id=16146 eligible area]  of the southern North Sea and Channel in terms of volume of landings, economic value and direct employment and their relative importance in the sector as a whole (including offshore fisheries). 

Through an inventory of data sources and subsequent digitization, quality control, standardization and integration of historical data (depending on data availability and quality) this activity wants to:
* Construct a common view of inshore fisheries and use a historical reference to underline its historical importance and/or future potential as a source of local and fresh food, employment, economic resource.
* Map the importance of local diversity and trends in inshore fisheries within the region.

===<span style="color:#3a75c4; Font-size: 130%">'''<small>What specific questions do we want to answer in this activity?</small>'''</span>===
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<div style="border:2px solid #003893;
padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; font-size:100%">
* How did direct employment in inshore fisheries change over time?
* How did economic value, volume and composition of landings of inshore fisheries change over time? Which species were most landed by inshore fisheries? How are species of inshore fisheries valued?
* How do the trends and issues above relate to those in the fisheries sector as a whole? 
* What are the differences/resemblances with different partner regions?
* What information sources are available to document the historical relevance of inshore fisheries in the study area from the parameters described above? (metadata-inventory)
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===<span style="color:#3a75c4; Font-size: 130%">'''<small>Method & Materials</small>'''</span>===
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Of particular use for this activity are datasets collected in a consistent way over a number of decades. However, historical time series are relatively scarce, especially for earlier periods. Moreover, if data exist, other problems often arise in terms of access,  availability, data policy restrictions, inappropriate formats or insufficient reliability or quality. Different institutes have been contacted with a stock take on data-availability for inshore fisheries landings, value of landings and employment. This stock take contains questions concerning available datasets/publications, how far do these data go back in time, are these data in digital or paper format. 

The institutions listed below, are key organisations in relation time-series on fisheries:

'''Belgium'''
:[http://lv.vlaanderen.be/nlapps/docs/default.asp?id=204 Sea Fisheries Service (DVZ)] 
:[http://www.ilvo.vlaanderen.be/ Institute for Agricultural and Sea Fisheries Research (ILVO)] 
:State archives  
:[http://www.consciencebibliotheek.be/mbn.net?id=3100347 Heritage Library Hendrik Conscience] 

'''The Netherlands'''
:[http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/home/default.htm Central Statistics Office (CBS)] 
:http://www.wageningenur.nl/nl/Expertises-Dienstverlening/Onderzoeksinstituten/imares.htm 
:[https://www.wageningenur.nl/ WUR] 
:[http://www.wageningenur.nl/nl/Expertises-Dienstverlening/Onderzoeksinstituten/lei.htm Agricultural Economics Institute (LEI)] 
:[http://www.zeeuwsebibliotheek.nl/ Library of Middelburg] 

'''United Kingdom'''
:[http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/ Marine Management Organisation] (MMO)
:[http://cefas.defra.gov.uk/ Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science] (CEFAS)
:[http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/about/ifcas/ Inshore Fisheries Conservation Authorities] (IFCA’s)

'''France'''
:[http://wwz.ifremer.fr/institut IFREMER] + [http://wwz.ifremer.fr/blp Bibliothèque La Pérouse] 
:[http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/ Bureau des statistiques des pêches et de l’aquaculture (BSPA)]
:Fisheries observatories Brittany 

Also structured databases that allowed advanced querying on the basis of speciﬁc search terms (e.g. ‘fisheries statistics’) were  screened  for  datasources on  ﬁsheries in Belgium, the Netherlands, France and UK (this is on-going work):
* Integrated Marine Information System (IMIS): http://www.vliz.be/imis/imis.php?module=ref 
* Antilope Catalogus: http://anet.ua.ac.be/services.phtml?service=opacantilope
* Archive institutionnelle de l’Ifremer (Archimer): http://archimer.ifremer.fr 
* Wageningen Library: http://library.wur.nl/desktop/direct/ 
* UK national statistics: http://www.statistics.gov.uk

===<span style="color:#3a75c4; Font-size: 130%">'''<small>Results</small>'''</span>===
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For each of the identified data sources (paper format and/or digital for recent years) from the stock take, a detailed overview table with information on available parameters/variables for inshore fisheries (landings, value of landings or employment), unit of measurement, temporal coverage/resolution, spatial coverage/resolution, taxonomic and other resolutions, physical location of datasource, availability is available.

Table 1 and 2 give an overview of the datasources for the historical data in fig. 1 and 2 and provide all definitions of inshore fisheries used within these sources.


 {| border="0.5" cellspacing="1" width="600px class="gifs-map"
 |+ '''Table 1''' Overview of datasources for historical data on inshore fisheries landings & value of landings and definitions of inshore fisheries used within these sources
 ! style="background: #003893"|<span style="color:white;"> Region </span>
 ! style="background: #003893"|<span style="color:white;"> Period </span>
 ! style="background: #003893"|<span style="color:white;"> Identified datasources </span>
 ! style="background: #003893"|<span style="color:white;"> Definitions for inshore fisheries used within available datasources </span> 
 |-
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> B </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1929-2007 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> HiFidata </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> All fisheries within the "Coastal waters" </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> NL </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1933-1967 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Series "[http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44457 Jaarcijfers visserij]<ref>[http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44457 Jaarcijfers visserij. Directie van de Visserijen: ’s Gravenhage]</ref>" </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Coastal fisheries encompasses fisheries in the Wadden sea, Lauwerzee and Dollart, Zuidhollandse stromen en zeegaten, zeeuwse stromen </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> NL </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1987-2011 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> CBS data ([http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=7203VLOO&D1=31-34&D2=a&HDR=G1&STB=T&VW=T link 1], [http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=7203VLOO&D1=41-44&D2=a&HDR=G1&STB=T&VW=T link 2], [http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=71484NED&D1=a&D2=3&D3=12,25,38,51,64,77,90,103,116,129&VW=T link 3], [http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=81029NED&D1=3,8-9,12,16-17,26-27&D2=a&VW=T link 4] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> No distinction made between inshore and offshore fisheries, but it is possible to look at landings & value of landings of the four key inhore fisheries: mussels, cockles, oysters and shrimps (see also: http://www.vliz.be/imis/imis.php?module=ref&refid=218841 for description of inshore fisheries in the Netherlands) </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> UK </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1907 - 1954 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> [http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/fisheries/statistics/annual_archive.htm Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables] <ref>[http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/fisheries/statistics/annual_archive.htm Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables Archive]</ref> </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> "Inshore landings include catches by second and third class vessels, and by first-class vessels, other than steam trawlers, which make voyages of not exceeding 72 hours duration” --> Based on the statistics here we will have an "inshore fisheries minimum: 2nd + 3rd class vessels" (underestimation because 1st class vessels < 72 hour trips are not taken into account)  and "Inshore fisheries maximum: 2nd + 3rd class vessels + 1st class motor vessels" (overestimation because 1 class vessels > 72 hour trips are also taken into account)</span>
 |-   
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> UK </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1955 - 1959 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;>[http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/fisheries/statistics/annual_archive.htm Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> "Inshore landings include catches by vessels under 40ft registered length, and by vessels, which make voyages of not exceeding 72 hours duration” </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> UK </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1960 - 1964 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;">[http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/fisheries/statistics/annual_archive.htm Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> "Inshore" - all landings by vessels under 40 feet in length are so described” </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> UK </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 2000 -now </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> MMO data </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Will have to be based on ICES Rectangles </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> FR </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1895 - 1914 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44639 Statistique des pêches maritimes] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Defined as “pêche cotière, pêche à pied, pêche dans les étangs” (but not further specified) </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> FR </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1915-1923 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44639 Statistique des pêches maritimes]<ref>[http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44639 Statistique des Pêches Maritimes. Secrétariat général de la Marine Marchande. Direction des Pêches Maritimes: Paris]</ref> </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Defined as "pêche côtière et pêche dans les étangs salés et dans la partie salée des canaux, fleuves ou rivières" (but not further specified) </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> FR </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1998-now </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Bilan Annuel (OFIMER, France Agrimer)<ref>[http://www.franceagrimer.fr/content/download/6383/34726/file/2062d1_STATISTIQUESPRODUCTION2008.pdf Bilan Annuel (France Agrimer)]</ref> </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Petite pêche : absence du port = 24 heures. Pêche cotière: 24 heures < absence du port = 96 heures </span>

 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> FR </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 2000-now </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> [http://sih.ifremer.fr/ Système d’Informations halieutiques Ifremer] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Coastal fishing : 75% of time operating in coastal waters  mainly < 12 m vessels. High-sea fishing: 75% of time operating out of coastal waters.</span>

 |}



{| border="0.5" cellspacing="1" width="600px class="gifs-map"
|+ '''Table 2''' Overview of datasources for historical data on inshore fisheries employment and definitions of inshore fisheries used within these sources
 ! style="background: #003893"|<span style="color:white;"> Region </span>
 ! style="background: #003893"|<span style="color:white;"> Period </span>
 ! style="background: #003893"|<span style="color:white;"> Identified datasources </span>
 ! style="background: #003893"|<span style="color:white;"> Definitions for inshore fisheries used within available datasources </span>
 |-
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> B </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1954 – 1970 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Series [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44471 “Jaarverslag over de evolutie van de vissersvloot”] <ref>[http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44471 “Jaarverslag over de evolutie van de vissersvloot”]</ref></span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Fisheries with vessel type I  (< 80 Horsepower  H.P)  and II (80 – 120 HP)” </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> B </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1971 – 1994 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Series [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44471 “Jaarverslag over de evolutie van de vissersvloot”] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Fisheries with vessel type I (< 35 Gross Tonnage G.T.) </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> B </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1997 – 2012 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> [http://www.mobilit.belgium.be/nl/scheepvaart/ Database of shipping (part fisheries) from the federal public service mobility and transport] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Fisheries with vessels < 221 Kilowatt KW, 70 G.T. and fishing within area I: within 25 miles from the Belgian Coast </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> NL </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1933 - 1967 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44457 Series “Jaarcijfers visserij”] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Coastal fisheries encompasses fisheries in the Wadden sea, Lauwerzee and Dollart, Zuidhollandse stromen en zeegaten, zeeuwse stromen </span>
 |-
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> NL </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1998 - 2010 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Visserij in cijfers ([http://edepot.wur.nl/154255 link 1 p. 24]; [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=143091 link 2 p. 22])<ref>[http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=112282 LEI Periodiek Rapport. Landbouw-Economisch Instituut (LEI): Den Haag]</ref></span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> No distinction made between inshore and offshore fisheries, but it is possible to look at employment of the key inhore fisheries: mussel culture, cockle fisheries, oyster fisheries (typically bound to < 12 nm limits) (see also: http://www.vliz.be/imis/imis.php?module=ref&refid=218841) </span>
 |-
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> UK </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 2000 - now </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> MMO data </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Will have to be based on ICES Rectangles </span>
 |-
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> FR </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1895 – 1911 </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> [http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=44639 Statistique des pêches maritimes]  </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Defined as “pêche cotière, pêche à pied, pêche dans les étangs” (but not further specified) </span>
 |- 
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> FR </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> 1990 - now </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;">[http://www.franceagrimer.fr/content/download/6383/34726/file/2062d1_STATISTIQUESPRODUCTION2008.pdf Bilan Annuel (France Agrimer)], [http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF10315 Institut national de la statistique et des etudes économique (INSEE)] </span>
 | style="background: #3a75c4"|<span style="color:white;"> Petite pêche : absence du port = 24 heures. Pêche cotière: 24 heures < absence du port = 96 heures </span>
 |}

 {|style="margin:10px auto"
|[[File:GIFS23 overview landings.JPG|thumb|left|570px|'''Fig. 1''' Overview of available historical data on inshore fisheries landings & value of landings]]

 {|style="margin:10px auto"
|[[File:GIFS23 overview employment.JPG|thumb|left|570px|'''Fig. 2''' Overview of available historical data on inshore fisheries employment]]




















For what is already known right now, it will be possible for each country to benchmark figures on the three different parameters for recent years with at least one period in the past (except for employment in UK). This said, challenges in terms of compatibility of definitions for inshore fisheries in different partner countries and time periods must be taken into account. The idea is to buildi a regional view (Southern North Sea/English Channel) on inshore fisheries landings, value of landings and at least for recent years (post 2000) and possibly also for e.g. pre and post WWII (1933 – 1964).

====<div style="text-align: center;"><div style="background-color:#003893;"><span style="color:white">'''Results by partner country'''</div></div></span>====
<br>  
:'''Belgium''' 
:'''The Netherlands''' (in progress)
:'''France''' (in progress)
:'''United Kingdom''' (in progress)

===<span style="color:#3a75c4; Font-size: 130%">'''<small>Acknowledgements</small>'''</span>===
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:Wouter Knoops, Johan Vanbesien, Stefaan Hartleb - Federal public service mobility and transport
:Peter Rogiest – Heritage Library Hendrik Conscience
:M. Vandermaesen, F. Strubbe and L. Vandeweyer - State Archives Belgium
:Hans Polet - Institute for Agricultural and Sea Fisheries Research (ILVO)
:Eddy Tessens, Martine Velghe  - Sea Fisheries department
:Adriaan Rijnsdorp, Sieto Verver – IMARES
:Ferry Lapré – CBS 
:Kees Taal - LEI
:Georg Engelhard, Tina Kerby – CEFAS
:Julie Urquhart – University of Greenwich, School of Science
:Edwin Derriman – Cornwall IFCA
:Will Wright – Kent & Essex IFCA
:James Williscroft – MMO
:Patrick Berthou – IFREMER
:Myriam Robert – UBO
:Marie Lesueur – Agrocampus Ouest

===<span style="color:#3a75c4; Font-size: 130%">'''<small>References</small>'''</span>===
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<references/>

[[Category:Coastal and marine fisheries]]

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